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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
activation-synthesis hypothesis
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The proposition that dreams represent the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep.
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alcoholism
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A chemical addiction characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and physiological dependence on it.
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altered states of consciousness
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States of awareness during wakefulness that are different than the person’s usual waking state.
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circadian rhythm
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The pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day.
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consciousness
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A state of awareness of ourselves and of the world around us.
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daydreaming
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A form of consciousness during a waking state in which one’s mind wanders to dreamy thoughts or fantasies.
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delirium
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A mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty in focusing attention, and excitable behavior.
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depressants
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Drugs, such as alcohol and barbiturates, that dampen central nervous system activity.
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detoxification
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A process of clearing drugs or toxins from the body.
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divided consciousness
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A state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time.
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drifting consciousness
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A state of awareness characterized by drifting thoughts or mental imagery.
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drug abuse
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Maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance.
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drug addiction
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Drug dependence accompanied by signs of physiological dependence, such as the development of a withdrawal syndrome.
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drug dependence
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A severe drug-related problem characterized by impaired control over the use of the drug.
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focused awareness
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A state of heightened alertness in which one is fully absorbed in the task at hand.
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hallucinogens
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Drugs that alter sensory experiences and produce hallucinations.
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hidden observer
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Hilgard’s term for a part of consciousness that remains detached from the hypnotic experience but aware of everything that happens during it.
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hypnosis
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An altered state of consciousness characterized by focused attention, deep relaxation, and heightened susceptibility to suggestion.
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hypnotic age regression
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A hypnotically induced experience that involves reexperiencing past events in one’s life.
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hypnotic analgesia
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A loss of feeling or responsiveness to pain in certain parts of the body occurring during hypnosis.
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insomnia
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Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep after nighttime awakenings.
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intoxicant
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A chemical substance that induces a state of drunkenness.
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jet lag
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A disruption of sleep–wake cycles caused by the shifts in time zones that accompany long-distance air travel.
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lucid dreams
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Dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming.
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mantra
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A sound or phrase chanted repeatedly during transcendental meditation.
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meditation
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A process of focused attention that induces a relaxed, contemplative state.
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mindfulness meditation
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A form of meditation in which one adopts a state of nonjudgmental attention to the unfolding of experience on a moment-to-moment basis.
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narcolepsy
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A disorder characterized by sudden unexplained “sleep attacks” during the day.
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narcotics
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Addictive drugs that have pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties.
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neodissociation theory
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A theory of hypnosis based on the belief that hypnosis represents a state of dissociated (divided) consciousness.
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nightmare disorder
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A sleep disorder involving a pattern of frequent, disturbing nightmares.
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physiological dependence
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A state of physical dependence on a drug caused by repeated usage that changes body chemistry.
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polyabusers
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People who abuse more than one drug at a time.
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posthypnotic amnesia
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An inability to recall what happened during hypnosis.
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posthypnotic suggestion
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A hypnotist’s suggestion that the subject will respond in a particular way following hypnosis.
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psychoactive drugs
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Chemical substances that affect a person’s mental or emotional state.
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psychological dependence
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A pattern of compulsive or habitual use of a drug to satisfy a psychological need.
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rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep
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The stage of sleep that involves rapid eye movements and that is most closely associated with periods of dreaming.
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sleep apnea
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Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.
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sleep terror disorder
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A sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of intense fear during sleep, causing the person to awake abruptly in a terrified state.
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sleepwalking disorder
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A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sleepwalking.
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states of consciousness
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Levels of consciousness ranging from alert wakefulness to deep sleep.
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stimulants
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Drugs that activate the central nervous system.
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tolerance
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A form of physical habituation to a drug in which increased amounts are needed to achieve the same effect.
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transcendental meditation (TM)
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A form of meditation in which practitioners focus their attention by repeating a particular mantra.
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withdrawal syndrome
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A cluster of symptoms associated with abrupt withdrawal from a drug.
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