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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
• Behaviorists
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psychology should be an objective science, behavior without reference to mental processes
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• Humanistic
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emphasized individuals potential for growth (rebel from behavioristic) (need to be loved)
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• Cognitive neuroscience
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brain activity linked with mental activity (perception, thinking, memory, language)
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• Biological psychologist
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link between brain and mind
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• Developmental psyc
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changing abilities from womb to grave
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• Cognitive psyc
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how we perceive, think and solve problems
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• Personality psyc
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investigate our persistent traits
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• Social psyc
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how we view and affect one another
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• Industrial-organizational psychologists
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use methods to help workplaces
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• Counseling psyc
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help people cope with challenges
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• Clinical psyc
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asses and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders
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• Psychiatrist
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medical doctor, treat physical causes of psychological disorders
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• Theory
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explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors and events. Arises from repeated testing
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• Hypothesis
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A testable prediction, often implied by a theory, SPECIFIC
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Naturalistic observation
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Non obtrusively observing, describes behavior does not explain it, (chimps use tools)
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• Correlation
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how two factors vary from each other, how well one predicts the other
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• Causation
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association does not prove causation
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Illusory correlation
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when we believe there is a relationship between 2 things and notice items that confirm our belief, even if one does not exists
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• Experimental group
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group exposed to treatment (part of independent variable)
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• Control group
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not exposed to treatment, comparison for effectiveness of treatment
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• Mode
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most frequent occurring (central tendency)
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• Mean
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average (can tendency)
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• Median
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midpoint (centr tend)
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• Range
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gap between lowest and highest scores (outliers can dramatically affect this)
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• Standard deviation
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gauges whether scores are packed together or dispersed
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Statistical significance
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when sample averages are reliable and their difference is relatively large
• Likely not due to chance variation |
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• Dendrite
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receives messages
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• Cell body
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life support
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• Axon
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the long cable in the myelin sheath, carries message down
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• Myelin sheath
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covers axon and helps speed messages
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• Axon terminal
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connect to other cells
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Basics of neuronal communication
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– triggered by other neurons they send an electrical pulse down the axon to the axon terminal which releases little chemical packets (AKA neurotransmitters) that cross the synaptic gap and interact with the next other neuron to set it off then reuptakes little chemical packets
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Neurotransmitters
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Chemicals that transmit message to other cells through synapse gap
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• Agonist
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mimic neurotransmitter or blocks Neurotransmitters reuptake so it interacts more with the other neuron
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• Antagonist
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blocks a Neurotransmitters ability to do its THANG, occupy and block off receptor
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• Central nervous system
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brain and spinal chord
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• Peripheral nervous system
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between the bodies sensory stuff and the central nervous system (autonomic and somatic)
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o Autonomic
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involuntary - heart beats without thinking (both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
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• Sympathetic
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arousing – something scares you – accelerated heartbeat and perspiration
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• Parasympathetic
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calming – reduces heartbeat
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o Somatic
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voluntary – skeletal muscles
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Brainstem
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Consists of Pons and medulla – oldest and inner most part of the brain – where most nerves connect to opposite side of body
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• Medulla
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controls heartbeat and breathing
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• Pons
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helps coordinate movement
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Reticular formation
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network of neurons in brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
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Thalamus
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on top of the brainstem
• “Sensory switchboard” – receives from all senses except smell and routes it to its respective region |
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Cerebellum
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“little brain” – • Processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance
• Judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures, VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, smooth moves! |
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Limbic system
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limbus = border between brains old bits and cerebral hemisphere
(• Hippocampus, • Amygdala, • Hypothalamus , • Pituitary gland ) |
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• Hippocampus
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process memory
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• Amygdala
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aggression and fear
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• Hypothalamus
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“hypo” below thalamus, o Influence hunger, thirst, temperature, sexiness reward center!
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• Pituitary gland
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master endocrine gland
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Cerebral cortex
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brain’s thinking crown! Outer layer oh brain (4 lobes)
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• Frontal lobe
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behind forehead
o Speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements |
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• Parietal lobe
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on top of head – like a parrot
o Sensory input for touch and body position |
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• Occipital lobe
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octopus on back of head
o Receive vision info |
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• Temporal lobes
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“temple” area
o Auditory areas, receive info from opposite ears |
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• Left Brain
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language and math
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Right Brain
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“creative” - processing of visual and audiological stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability
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Sensory and motor cortex
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both little slivers of brain behind frontal lobe- motor in front of sensory
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• Motor cortex
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controls voluntary movement
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• Sensory cortex
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processes body touch and movement sensations
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Plasticity
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ability to modify after damage
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Inattentional blindness
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not being able to perceive things that are in plain sight (gorilla moonwalking) when attention is elsewhere
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Change blindness
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only detect change when we give our attention, failure to notice an obvious change
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• Consciousness
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awareness of self and environment
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• Dual Processing
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info processed both consciously and unconsciously
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Old school Freudian dream stuff
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latent content (meaning of dream, unconscious drives and wishes, sex drive)
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Dissociation
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split consciousness, allows some thought to occur simultaneously with others, during hypnosis put hand in cold water and not feel pain
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• Structuralism
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Used introspection to explore the human mind
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• Functionalism
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how mental and behavioral processes function – how enable us to adapt
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Theoretical perspectives of psychology types
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• Behaviorists, • Humanistic, • Cognitive neuroscience
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Basic research psychologists types
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• Biological psychologist • Developmental • Cognitive• Personality• Social
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Applied research psychologists types
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• Industrial-organizational psychologists • Counseling• Clinical • Psychiatrist
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functions of sleep
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• Protects• Recuperate• Memories • Growth
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