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75 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
• Behaviorists
psychology should be an objective science, behavior without reference to mental processes
• Humanistic
emphasized individuals potential for growth (rebel from behavioristic) (need to be loved)
• Cognitive neuroscience
brain activity linked with mental activity (perception, thinking, memory, language)
• Biological psychologist
link between brain and mind
• Developmental psyc
changing abilities from womb to grave
• Cognitive psyc
how we perceive, think and solve problems
• Personality psyc
investigate our persistent traits
• Social psyc
how we view and affect one another
• Industrial-organizational psychologists
use methods to help workplaces
• Counseling psyc
help people cope with challenges
• Clinical psyc
asses and treat mental, emotional and behavioral disorders
• Psychiatrist
medical doctor, treat physical causes of psychological disorders
• Theory
explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors and events. Arises from repeated testing
• Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory, SPECIFIC
Naturalistic observation
Non obtrusively observing, describes behavior does not explain it, (chimps use tools)
• Correlation
how two factors vary from each other, how well one predicts the other
• Causation
association does not prove causation
Illusory correlation
when we believe there is a relationship between 2 things and notice items that confirm our belief, even if one does not exists
• Experimental group
group exposed to treatment (part of independent variable)
• Control group
not exposed to treatment, comparison for effectiveness of treatment
• Mode
most frequent occurring (central tendency)
• Mean
average (can tendency)
• Median
midpoint (centr tend)
• Range
gap between lowest and highest scores (outliers can dramatically affect this)
• Standard deviation
gauges whether scores are packed together or dispersed
Statistical significance
when sample averages are reliable and their difference is relatively large
• Likely not due to chance variation
• Dendrite
receives messages
• Cell body
life support
• Axon
the long cable in the myelin sheath, carries message down
• Myelin sheath
covers axon and helps speed messages
• Axon terminal
connect to other cells
Basics of neuronal communication
– triggered by other neurons they send an electrical pulse down the axon to the axon terminal which releases little chemical packets (AKA neurotransmitters) that cross the synaptic gap and interact with the next other neuron to set it off then reuptakes little chemical packets
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that transmit message to other cells through synapse gap
• Agonist
mimic neurotransmitter or blocks Neurotransmitters reuptake so it interacts more with the other neuron
• Antagonist
blocks a Neurotransmitters ability to do its THANG, occupy and block off receptor
• Central nervous system
brain and spinal chord
• Peripheral nervous system
between the bodies sensory stuff and the central nervous system (autonomic and somatic)
o Autonomic
involuntary - heart beats without thinking (both sympathetic and parasympathetic)
• Sympathetic
arousing – something scares you – accelerated heartbeat and perspiration
• Parasympathetic
calming – reduces heartbeat
o Somatic
voluntary – skeletal muscles
Brainstem
Consists of Pons and medulla – oldest and inner most part of the brain – where most nerves connect to opposite side of body
• Medulla
controls heartbeat and breathing
• Pons
helps coordinate movement
Reticular formation
network of neurons in brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal
Thalamus
on top of the brainstem
• “Sensory switchboard” – receives from all senses except smell and routes it to its respective region
Cerebellum
“little brain” – • Processes sensory input, coordinates movement output and balance
• Judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures, VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT, smooth moves!
Limbic system
limbus = border between brains old bits and cerebral hemisphere
(• Hippocampus, • Amygdala, • Hypothalamus , • Pituitary gland )
• Hippocampus
process memory
• Amygdala
aggression and fear
• Hypothalamus
“hypo” below thalamus, o Influence hunger, thirst, temperature, sexiness reward center!
• Pituitary gland
master endocrine gland
Cerebral cortex
brain’s thinking crown! Outer layer oh brain (4 lobes)
• Frontal lobe
behind forehead
o Speaking, muscle movements, making plans and judgements
• Parietal lobe
on top of head – like a parrot
o Sensory input for touch and body position
• Occipital lobe
octopus on back of head
o Receive vision info
• Temporal lobes
“temple” area
o Auditory areas, receive info from opposite ears
• Left Brain
language and math
Right Brain
“creative” - processing of visual and audiological stimuli, spatial manipulation, facial perception, and artistic ability
Sensory and motor cortex
both little slivers of brain behind frontal lobe- motor in front of sensory
• Motor cortex
controls voluntary movement
• Sensory cortex
processes body touch and movement sensations
Plasticity
ability to modify after damage
Inattentional blindness
not being able to perceive things that are in plain sight (gorilla moonwalking) when attention is elsewhere
Change blindness
only detect change when we give our attention, failure to notice an obvious change
• Consciousness
awareness of self and environment
• Dual Processing
info processed both consciously and unconsciously
Old school Freudian dream stuff
latent content (meaning of dream, unconscious drives and wishes, sex drive)
Dissociation
split consciousness, allows some thought to occur simultaneously with others, during hypnosis put hand in cold water and not feel pain
• Structuralism
Used introspection to explore the human mind
• Functionalism
how mental and behavioral processes function – how enable us to adapt
Theoretical perspectives of psychology types
• Behaviorists, • Humanistic, • Cognitive neuroscience
Basic research psychologists types
• Biological psychologist • Developmental • Cognitive• Personality• Social
Applied research psychologists types
• Industrial-organizational psychologists • Counseling• Clinical • Psychiatrist
functions of sleep
• Protects• Recuperate• Memories • Growth