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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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independent variable
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is what an investigator manipulates in an experiment
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naturalistic variable
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watching people in everyday situations
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representative sample
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every member of a population has a chance to be chosen for a study
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survey
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asking a member of a representative sample question about their opinion or behavior
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dependent variable
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outcome measured in a study
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as one variable increases the other increases
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positive correlation between two variables
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nervous system
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divided into central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
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synaptic cleft
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a gap between neurons were information is transmitted from one neuron to another
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brain stem
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controls basic life functions such as breathing and alertness
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occipital lobe
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vision processing center in the brain
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dendrites
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the are used to receive incoming signals form the neurons
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sympathetic nervous system
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increases heart rate and respiratory systems in emergency situations
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shaping
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procedure where an organism is rewarded for behaviors step by step until desired behavior is archived
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operant conditioning
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a type of learning that behavior is influenced by its consequence
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observational learning
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it's watching and imitating behavior of others
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reinforcers-
punishers |
increase behavior
decrease behavior |
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conditioned stimulus
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a tone that is paired with food to a dog
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classical conditioning
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based on the association of neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
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short memory term
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has a storage capacity of seven +/- two
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retrieval
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a processes where brain remembers information
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chucked information
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related information that is put together so it can be easily remembered
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semantic memory
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information that is factual like the US presidents
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mutiple choice questions
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rely on recognition of the answer
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bell curve
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a curve that represents normal distribution of physical and psychological characteristics
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intelligence
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a result of both hereditary and environmental
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howard gardner
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well known for his theory of mutiple intelligence
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intelligence thinking-
creativity- |
convergent thinking
divergent thinking |
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yields consistent scores
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a reliable test
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no object permanence
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when an infant loses interest in anything they no longer see
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psychological disorders
inherited- environmental- |
nature
nurture |
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longitudinal study
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one group of people followed form childhood to adulthood
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authoritarian parents
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believe that their children are not able to make their own decisions. don't allow their rules to be questioned
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adolescence
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a time when identity is a psychosocial crisis according to erikson
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sigmund freud
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emphasizes importance of unconscious mind
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humanistic perspective
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emphasizes our drive of self actualization
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the id
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operates according to pleasure principle and demands immediate satisfaction
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the big five trait theory
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openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
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self actualization
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abraham maslow believed this is when psychological needs come after basic needs have been fulfilled
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psychoanalysts
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use the technique of free association and dream analysis
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aversion conditioning
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trying to stop a bad habit like painting ones fingernails with bad tasting nail polish to stop one from eating their nails.
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dissociative identity disorder
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aka multiple personalities often result from extreme childhood abuse
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post traumatic stress disorder
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causes extreme fears, nightmares and bad flashbacks
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antisocial personality disorder
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intelligent and charming but have no fear when they commit a crime or no regards to right of others.
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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anxiety disorder characterized by repeating thought or actions
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Schizophrenics
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delusions or/and hallucinations
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cognitive dissonance
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occurs when ones behavior does not match their belief. like believing in honest and cheat in a test.
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fundamental attributed error.
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when one discount the influence of a situation and instead rely on personal explanations for some behavior
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bystander effect,
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if u are a victim of this you will not receive help even when many others are around and could help.
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Prejudice
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unjustified and typically negative attitude toward the members of a group.
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Milgram’s obedience study
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fully obeyed and administered high levels of electrical shock
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