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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attachment theory and need to belong |
Both concepts talk about the innate need to belong, difference is no style in need to belong whereas there are 3 attachment styles |
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Attachment style and learning theory |
learning theory predicts that you will learn your attachment style based on past experiences |
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Schizophrenic Hallucinations is what type of problem? |
Perception problem because the voices aren't actually there, your brain just perceives them. |
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Operant Conditioning and Kohlbergs pre-conventional stages of development |
KPC is based on punishment and operant conditioning is rewarding or punishing for a behavior |
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False Attribution Error and heuristic |
Both are shortcuts in understanding the world. FAE makes attributions to internal reasons (personality flaw) and a heuristic is a mental shortcut in making a decision |
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Episodic Memories and PTSD |
episodic memories are episodes in your life and PTSD is episodic memories that cause stress. |
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Clever Hans and the Rosenthal Effect |
RE: participants behave in a certain way based on what they believe the researcher wants CH: the horse; people believed that he could actually do math but he was really just choosing an answer based on the researchers face. |
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Degree of perceived similarity determines the strength of normative influence |
You are more likely to be attracted to those who are similar to you. Degree of perceived similarity increases the strength of normative influence. More likely to try to conform to the actions of those that are similar to you in order to fit in. |
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Explain sexual attraction using the biosocial theory (intersexual selection) and the sociocultural theory. |
Biosocial: women and men are more attracted to people that will produce good genes. They want their genes to survive so they go for the ones who they believe can accomplish that. Sociocultural: people would choose who is attractive based on how their peers see attractiveness. For example, if all of my friends think tall lightskinned men are attractive, I should too in order to fit in |
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Explain a child's drive to form attachments from a biosocial perspective. |
Children attach to their mothers in time of need because without this presence they would be in danger. They need their mother's to survive therefore they form this attachment. |
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Explain the effect of cognitive load in terms of the capacity of short-term memory. |
A heavier cognitive load causes you to be able to remember less when using short term memory. For example, a list of 15 words flash on the screen and you have to remember these words. Once the list is finished, it will be harder to remember some of the words earlier on in the list because of cognitive load. In other words, the more info that you intake in a short period of time, the less you will actually be able to remember because of cognitive load. |
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How can you use the method of loci to remember the order of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. |
In the loci method, you relate concepts to places that you can remember. You can use a building on campus to help you remember each of the 8 stages. |
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Erikson's stages of psychosocial development |
-0-2 hope=trust vs mistrust -2-4 will= autonomy vs shame -4-5 purpose= initiative vs guilt -5-12 competence= industry vs inferiority -13-19 fidelity= ego identity vs role confusion -20-39 love= intimacy vs isolation -40-64 care= gernerativity vs stagnation -65-death wisdom= ego integrity vs despair |
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How did Aronson and Mills operationalize effort (IV) and justification (DV) |
Women were called in to a "book discussion." One group had to say easy and not at all vulgar words like kiss and one group had to say extremely vulgar words. The book discussion was extremely boring. At the end, the group that said the vulgar words liked the discussion better. The operalization occurred when they gave the two groups different things to say. |
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how do 3D glasses trick your eyes into perceiving depth from a flat screen |
our eyes see a different view from each eye, these images are sent to the brain and are then combined and this combination gives the depth of 3D. The glasses mimic human eyesight. |
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How does the behavior modification concept of negative reinforcement help understand the C in OCD? |
In negative reinforcement, you take something away from the child or animal that they enjoy in order to stop them from doing an unwanted behavior. The C in OCD is compulsion. The compulsions or behaviors are aimed at preventing stress. In both cases the acts are done to prevent something. |
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How does Triver's theory of parental investment, and the concept of parental certainty, explain why the females of a species tend to be the more selective in choosing a sexual partner. |
Females tend to be selective with who they mate with because successfully raising offspring will require a greater investment of their energy. Parental certainty is the fact that women are always certain that the child is theirs but not the men. Parental investment is what the parent invests in raising offspring. |
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How is classical conditioning related to the avoidant symptoms of PTSD? |
The avoidant symptoms are avoiding feelings or situations that are connected to the traumatic event. Classical conditioning is when the outcome behavior will always be natural for an unnatural reason. For example the roommate just expected to get shot every time he heard the that was easy sound. The subject will try to avoid the conditioned stimulus. |
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How is self-handicapping related to the self-serving bias? (role of motivated cognition and subconscious biases.) |
Self-handicapping, you do something intentionally and blame this action for your bad performance. For example, the students took the pill if they were unsure of their performance and blamed the pill if they performed badly. This is related to the self serving bias because in the self serving bias, you believe things or make excuses that will protect your confidence. In both cases you are protecting your ego and confidence. |
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How might the pervasive belief in learning styles be related to the confirmation bias? |
Because so many people are saying that learning styles are real, you may say that you cannot flourish in a particular class because it does not cater to your learning style. Confirmation bias is when you seek info that agrees with or confirms what you already believe. |
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How might we explain the origin of a fetish in terms of classical conditioning? How about in terms of misattribution of arousal. |
Fetishes are attractions to objects that are not naturally attractive. So in terms of classical conditioning, somehow the person with a fetish was mentally trained to be attracted to this object. For example, Dwight wanted the mint everytime he heard the computer sound. The same thing could have taken place in the fetish situation. In terms of misattribution of arousal, the person may think that they are attracted to or aroused by this object when in actuality they were aroused by something else. They misattributed their arousal. |
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How would you describe the social desirability in terms of sociocultural theory? |
Those that are more accepted by society are more socially attractive. For instance, 5 million plus people find Ryan Gosling attractive, I will too in order to fit into social constructions. I will find people attractive that others find attractive because of my need to fit into society. |
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In what way are the gestalt principles of perception related to top-down processing? |
Top down processing is when you can use context clues to see the bigger picture i.e the black spots to a dog. In both cases, your brain connects the dots or fill in things or creates pictures from the info given. i.e closure, your brain closes the picture |
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In what way does cognitive behavioral therapy focus on elements of emotional intelligence and self control |
CBT focuses on thought, emotion and behavior. Emotional intelligence includes empathy motivation self-awareness self-regulation and social skills. |
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In what way is the distinction between controlled and automatic cognition similar to the distinction between explicit and implicit attitudes. |
Automatic cognition- you do something so much that is natural and requires minimal attention (breathing) Controlled cognition-requires attention (driving) Implicit attitudes- unconscious and unknown to us Explicit attitudes- conscious level, deliberate, and easy to self report These distinctions are similar because in both cases one is natural and on an unconscious level and the other is on the conscious level. |
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What are the four lobes of the cerebrum and what are they responsible for? |
Frontal Lobe- emotional and personality control, motor function, problem solving, memory, language, judgement, social and sexual behavior parietal lobe- one side=sensation and perception and the other side=integrates sensory input from a perception temporal lobe-involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. The primary auditory cortex receives sensory information from the ears and secondary areas process the information into meaningful units such as speech and words. occipital lobe- visual processing center of the mammalian brain containing most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex |
