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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Estrus/Oestrus |
Latin word meaning "in a frenzy" or "possessed by the gadfly" |
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6 Components to Female Sexual Behaviour |
Courtship, mating, ovulation, pregnancy, parturition & lactation |
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Vaginal Cytological Assay |
Swab the inside of the vagina to collect epithelial cells and determine what stage of the cycle a female is in |
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The Estrous Cycle |
1. Vaginal Estrous (~36 hrs) 2. Diestrus I 3. Diestrus II 4. Behavioural Estrous (~12) |
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Diestrus I and II |
Increase in tertiary follicle size & onset of Graafian follicle stage. The egg is maturing. The Corpora Lutea drops off, lowering progesterone production |
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Proestrous/Behavioural Estrus |
This is when the female is "in heat". LH surge leads to rapid increase in E2 levels. 4-6 later, Progesterone is produced. This leads to proceptive/receptive behaviour |
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Estrus |
Ovulation |
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Manipulating the Cycle in Rats |
1. Remove ovaries 2. Inject estrogen or estrogen implants 3. Inject progesterone 4. 4 hours later, female is proceptive |
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Proceptive vs. Receptive |
Proceptive: appetitive behaviours, signals readiness to mate Receptive: consummatory behaviours, lordosis |
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Lordosis |
Flexion of the spine, deflection of the tail, stimulated by touch when the male mounts. In many species, impossible for intercourse to occur without lordosis |
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Attractivity |
Related to E2 levels. Peri-genital swelling occurs during estrous, influenced by E2. Humans most attractive during ovulation, and soliciting females most attractive in many species |
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The Flehman Response |
Curling the upper lip to maximize air flow and pheromone cues |
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Illness and Attraction |
Men prefer healthy women over sick women. Women have no preference. Women need the energy to gestate and raise the offspring, men just need their sperm so illness doesn't really matter |
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Proceptivity |
In most species, only proceptive during heat (when E2 and P are high). Exceptions: humans, bonobos, rhesus monkeys |
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Rat Sex |
In groups. Females control the pace. First and last male sire more offspring. |
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Birth Control & Libido |
Women have more sex around ovulation, likely due to T rather than E2. Many women on the pill have low T, high E2, and low libido. Individual diff's occur |
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Pseudopregnancy |
The formation of the corpus luteum from the ruptured follicle as well as the thickening of the uterine lining |
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Lee-Boot Effect |
Pseudopregnancy when 4 or more females housed together |
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Whitten Effect |
Introduction of male to female cage induces behavioural estrus |
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Bruce Effect |
Spontaneous abortion after a dam mates with a new sire |
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Vandenbergh Effect |
Puberty onset is earlier for females exposed to male pups, and later when exposed to an ovulating female |
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Women's Libido and Ovulation |
Greater libido. During ovulation, more estradiol is being produced so more Testosterone "escapes" unbound into the bloodstream, increasing libido |
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If I wanted to eliminate lordosis... |
Knock out the ventromedial nucleus (VMN). Estradiol and P are also necessary for full lordosis |
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Midbrain Central Gray (MCG) |
Involved in the integration of physiological signals. For mating to occur, signals relating to pain, blood pressure, heart rate, etc., must be ignored. Injection of b-endorphins or other stress peptides to MCG can inhibit lordosis |
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The Lordosis Pathway |
MCG/PAG projects to lower brain stem, spinal cord, and lumbar motorneurons to move muscles for the lordosis response |
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Oxytocin |
Can induce lordosis if E2 levels not sufficient. Oxy antagonists reduce lordosis |
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Norepinephrine and Lordosis |
Can stimulate or inhibit it. Alpha receptors stimulate, beta receptors inhibit |
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GABA |
Facilitates lordosis |
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5HT |
Serotonin inhibits lordosis |
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Orgasm Types |
Testosterone orgasms: more peaceful/relaxing E2 orgasms: craaaazy |
