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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ch 5
cephalocaudal pattern |
Growth Starts at head and downward backward direction.
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Ch 5
Proxmiodistal Pattern |
Growth, center and moves outward direction.
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Ch 5
skeletal age |
A measure of estimating physical maturity
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Ch 5
Plasticity |
Ability of brain to recover from brain damage
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Ch5
Gross motor Skills |
Large muscles: Arms, legs, trunk
Sequence follow cephalocaudal pattern: Head- avg 6wks, range 3wks-4mos Chest- avg 2mos, range-3wks-4mos roll over- avg 4 mos, range 2-7mos sit up- avg 7 mos, range 5-9mos Crawl- avg 7 mos, range 5-11mos Pull to a stand, avg 8mos range 5-12mos Walk, avg 12mos, range- 9-17mos |
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Ch 5
Fine Motor Skills developmental progression of grasping behavior. |
Hands, Fingers
Follows proxmialdistal pattern: Pre-reaching-birth- 3mos visually guided reaching- 3mos Ulnar Grasping- 3-4mos transfer objects- 4-5mos pincer grip- 9-12 mos |
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Ch 5
Sutures |
Places where pieces of skull fuse togther
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Ch 5
Fontanelles When do they close |
Soft spots of the skull
Back close first (mos), fronts close last (2years). |
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Ch 5
Skeletal Age assessed |
looking at bone growth
gender differences in boys/girls. girls ahead in maturity. Racial diff- Af. Am. ahead |
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Ch 5
When do teeth appear? what age are all teecth there? how many? what happens if they get them early? |
1st tooth- 6mos caucasions
1st tooth- Af Am. 4mos by age 2 20 primary teeth |
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Ch 5
developmental patterns are evident in brain plasticity and lateralization? |
Older you get lateralization increases, the more the brain is specialzed.
Negative realtionship b/w lateralization and plasticity, harder to recover from injury at old age. |
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Ch5
Bottle feeding and Breast Feeding |
Breast feeding- nutrition, specific nutrients to grow.
1st 6mos recommeneded. |
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Ch 5
marasmus. What causes it? |
1st year when baby is born. Lacking in all nutrients and in danger of dying. , wasting away, body fat used up.
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Ch 5
kwashiorkor what causes it. |
1-3yrs of berth. not enough protein in diet
bloded abs, hair loss, rashes, swollen feet. . |
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Ch 5
Nonorganic failure to thrive Causes |
Symptoms simliar to Marasmus (lack of nutrients, bused up body fat) Lack of affection, if placed in loving environment they will cathc up.
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Ch 5
development of visual acuity and depth perception. |
6mos vision is 20/20
visual cliff perception Motion cues- birth, moving objects binocular vision-2-3mos use both eyes monocular/pictorial cues- 6/7mos. RR tracks, parallel lines |
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Ch 6
Scheme |
refer to how we organize information, changes with each stage of cognitive development.
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Ch 6
assimliation |
incorporate new information
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Ch 6
Acomodation |
Change way we think
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Ch 6
circular reaction |
voluntary act or reflex generating repitition
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Ch 6
recognition memory |
3 mos- recognize soneone within 1 week
6-mos 2 weeks 1year- several weeks |
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Ch 6
recall memory |
memory without prompt or cue
1 year- one month 2yrs- three months |
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Ch 6
Working memory |
short term, consciousness, infor onnly stores for 30 seconds.
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Ch 6
Common errors: Over extention Under extention |
word that is used more than it should.
"kitty" is my cat, and no other. |
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ch 6
Long term memory |
memory that is stored and learned, more permanent knowledge based. highly organized.
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Ch 6
Piaget's sensorimotor stage 6 substages |
1. Reflexive schemes- knowledge based on reflex
2. primary circular reactions- pleasurable experiences, body moevements 3. Seconday circular reactions- involves objects in the environment, "mobile" 4. Coordination of seconday circular reactions- goal directed behavior. AB search Error, 2 cloths toy under one. 5. Tertiay circular reactions- exp of properties of object, thrown off wall and bounces back 6. Mental representation- menalt images of things, sybolic function in language and in play |
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Ch 6
habituation and dishabituation |
Habituation- reduce strength in response to a stimulus. doesnt pay attention
Dishabituation- renewed interest, looks away and then looks again |
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Ch 6
Object permanence |
objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible
evident at 3 1/2 mos. |
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ch 6
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory |
Learning and cognitive devleopment take place in social context.
Zone of proximal devlopment low limit- what one can do independently upper limit- what a person can do with assistance |
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ch 6
Infant intelligence tests |
developmental scales based on perceptional and motor skills.
Dq score - devleopmental quotient. measues language,motor, perception. DOES NOT PREDICT LATER IQ Nancy baley scale- (cognitive scale) language scale- sounds they make motor- see what baby cna physically do social/emotion- how they interact with others adapative behavior- adapting with change. |
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Ch 6
Good predictors of later intellectual functioning |
Fagan Test of infant intelligence
looks at habituation and dishabituation. |
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Ch 6
Current day care in U.S |
quality varies greatly, determines how it affects development
only 20-25% offer +learning environment |
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Ch 6
the sequence of language development in infancy |
Cooing- soft vowel sounds
babbling- consenents/vowels joint attention- you look at cup, baby looks at cup Tune into cultural language- deaf babies no noise after 6mos Receptive Vocabulary- certain words, names, precedes spraking First word-12mos halophrases- one word phrases telegraphic- 2-3 word phrases |
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Ch 6
3 theories about language development. |
Skinner- Behaviorist- operant conditioning, reinforcement
Nativist- Chomsky- L.A.D Language Aquisition Device, decode phonological rules, what goes together. (cooing and babbling) Interactionist- interactions between inner capactities and environmental influences |
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Ch 7
Separation Anxiety |
Mom leaves room, object permanence. thinks about mother when she is not there
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Ch 7
Stranger Anxiety |
exposed to people who are unfamiliar to them. appears around 6mos
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Ch 7
social refrencing |
Look to another before they react. if moms upset, babies upset
if moms happy, babies happy |
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ch 7
Symbiosis |
infants state of "oneness". with mom doenst know its separate
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Ch 7
temperment |
early and stable indiviual differences in reactivity and self regulation.
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Ch 7
Erikson's trust vs mstrust and automomy and shame/doubt |
trust- needs are met, food, attentions, diaper.
mistrust outwighs trust- under neglect Autonomy- walk, talk, toliet, build autonomy shame/self doubt outweighs autonomy is too strict on toilet training |
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Ch 7
Margaret Mahler’s theory of separation-individuation |
Separation- crawls away, leads to realization that one's separate
individuation- develops sense of self. know you're diff from other people. separation precedes individuation |
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Ch7
emotion self-regulation. and strategies |
refers to the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level where we can accomplish our goals.
Strategies: turn away stimuli: something scary on tv, the child turns away. approach and withdraw. stranger-withdraw someone they know-appraoch sucking- stressful- suck harder on pacficer |
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Ch7
Thomas and Chess categories of Infant temperament (DART IQ AAA) |
Distracability- puppet during crying
Activity level- active periods to inactive periods rhythmicity- regularity of body functions, sleep, hunger, all same time Threshold of responsiveness- how much stimulation is required to get a response. Intensity of Reaction- energy level of response, laughing, crying, talking etc.. quality of Mood- amt of friendly behavior to amt of unfriendly behavior Adaptability- adjust to change Approach/withdraw- repsonse to new object, thing or person attention span and persistence- amt of time devoted to an activity |
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Ch7
goodness-of-fit model. |
how temperment and environment can produce favorable outcome
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Ch 7
Ethological theory on attachemnt PACR |
recognizes the infants emotional tie to the caregiver
4 phases Pre-attachment- grasping,smiling,crying. Attachment in the making- respond diff to a caregiver rather than stranger Clear cut- attachment to caregiver is evident, separation anxiety formation of a ricipricol relationship- understand parents coming and going and predict they will return. |
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ch 7
Mary Ainsworth’s attachment patterns SARD |
Secure attachment- mom used as secure base
avoident attachment- unresponsive to mom when she is present. fail to cling at reunion Resistant attachment- closeness to mom, fail to explore, angry resistant behavior at reunion Disorganized attachment- confused, contradictory behaviors |
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Ch7
facotrs that affect attachment security |
oppt. to est a close relationship
quality of caregiving baby's characteristics parents internal working models |
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psychoanalytical attachment
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mom feeding child forms a bond between the two
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behavioral attachment
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feeding is important but also is comfort....Monkey experiment
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