Psyc 315 - Child Psych - Chapter 11

Front 1

attachment

Back 1

close, enduring emotional bonds to parents or other primary carefivers.

Front 2

Bowlby's attachment theory

Back 2

theory based on John bowlby's work that posits that children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments with carefivers as a means of increasing the chances of their own survival.

Front 3

secure base

Back 3

term for when an attachment figure's presence provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that makes it possible for the infant to explore the environment

Front 4

Bowlby's 4 phase of attachment

Back 4

1) preattachment - crying to create attn and is confronted by the ensuing interaction
2) attachment-in-the-making - respond to familiar ppl. form expectations about how their carefivers will respond to their needs
3) Clear-cut attachment - see contact w/their regular caregivers. happy to greet mom, separation protest or distress when departs
4) Reciprocal relationships - increase cognitive and language abilities enable them to understand their parents' feelings, goals, motives

Front 5

internal working model of attachment

Back 5

a mental representation of the self, of attachment figures, and of relationships in general. based on the child's early experiences with their caregivers, discovering the extent to which the caregiver could be depended upon. continue to guide the ind's expectations about relationships throughout life.

Front 6

Strange Stituation

Back 6

a procedure developed by mary ainsworth to assess infants' attachment to their primary caregiver

Front 7

securely attached

Back 7

infant/child has a high-qualtiy, relatively unambivalent relationship with his or her attachment figure. ie. Strange Situation: maybe upset when the care giver leaves but maybe happy to see the caregiver return, recovering quickly from any distress. uses caregiver as support base for exploration

Front 8

insecure attachment

Back 8

attachment in which children have a less positive attachment to their caregiver than do securely attached children. 3 categories: 1) insecure/resistant(ambivalent), insecure/avoidant, or disorganized/disoriented

Front 9

insecure/resistant (ambivalent) attachment

Back 9

children are clingy and stay close to their caregiver rather than exploring their environment. in SS, insecure/resistant infants tend to get very upset when the caregiver leaves them and are not readily comforted by strangers. When caregiver returns, they are not easily comforted and both seek comfort and resist efforts by the caregiver to comfort them.

Front 10

insecure/avoidant attachment

Back 10

children seem somewhat indifferent toward their caregiver and maybe evne avoid the caregiver. In ss, they seem indiff towards their caregiver before the caregiver leaves the room and indiff or avoidant when the caregiver returns. esily comforted by a stranger

Front 11

disorganized/disoriented attachment

Back 11

infants have no consisten way of coping with the stress of the SS. Their beh. is often confused or even contradictory, and they often appear dazed or disoriented.

Front 12

parental sensitivity

Back 12

importan to the security of an infant's attachment. it can be exhibited in a variety of ways: responsive caregiving when children are distressed or upset and helping children to engage in learning situations by providing just enough, but not too much, guidance and supervision

Front 13

self

Back 13

a conceptual system made up of one's thoughts and attitudes about oneself

Front 14

personal fable

Back 14

a story that adolescents overly differntiate their feeligns from those of others and come to regard themselves, and especially their feelings, as unique and special.

Front 15

imaginary audience

Back 15

the belief that everyone else is focused on the adolescent's appearance and behavior.

Front 16

identity versus identity confusion

Back 16

erikson's psychosocial stage of development that occurs during adolescence. during this stage, the adolescent of young adult either develops an identity or experiences an incomplete and sometimes incoherent sense of self

Front 17

identity confusion

Back 17

an incomplete and sometimes incoherent sense of self. - feel lost, isolate, and depressed, as well as uncertain about who they are.

Front 18

identity foreclosure

Back 18

commit themselves prematurely to an identity without adequately considering their choices

Front 19

negative identity

Back 19

represents the opposite of what is valued by people around the adolescent

Front 20

psychosocial moratorium

Back 20

a time out period during which the adolescent is not expected to take on adult roles and can pursue activities that lead to self-discovery. often a luxury reserved for the middle and upper classes.

Front 21

Identity-diffusion status

Back 21

the ind does not have firm commitments regarding the isues in question and is not making progress toward them. by James Marcia

Front 22

Foreclosure status

Back 22

ind has not engaged in any identit experimentation and has established a vocational or ideological identity based on the choices or values of others

Front 23

Moratorium statues

Back 23

ind is exploring various occupational and ideological choices and has not yet made a clear commitment to them

Front 24

Identity-achievement status

Back 24

ind has achieved a coherent and consolidated identity based on personal decisions regarding occupation, ideology, and the like. the ind. believes that these decisions were made autonomously and is committed to them.

Front 25

four identity-status categories

Back 25

1) identity-diffusion status
2) foreclosure status
3) Moratorium status
4) Identitiy-achievement status