Psyc 308 Test

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objective assessment

Back 1

measurement that is not dependent on the individual making the assessment.

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subjective assessment

Back 2

measurement that relies on interpretation by the individual making the assessment.

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reliability

Back 3

the consistency of scores that are expected to be the same.

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error variance

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variations of a measurement that are the result of irrelevant chance fluctuations.

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internal consistency reliability

Back 5

degree of consistency between sub-parts or equivalent parts of a test.

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test-retest reliability

Back 6

the degree of consistency between the results of the same test taken on different occasions.

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patterns

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the basic underlying mechanisms of personality that dynamically direct activity and remain relatively stable.

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validity

Back 8

the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to be measuring.

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construct validity

Back 9

the extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct.

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convergent validation

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the extent to which an assessment is related to what it should be related to.

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discriminant validation

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the extent to which an assessment is not related to what it should not be related to.

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criterion-related validation

Back 12

the extent to which an assessment predicts outcome criteria that were produced by different assessment methods.

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multitrait-multimethod perspective

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the use of multiple assessment methods and various traits in order to determine test validity.

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content validity

Back 14

the extent to which a test is measuring the domain it is supposed to be measuring.

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item intercorrelation

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the extent to which test items are related to one another.

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item response theory (irt)

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a mathematical approach to choosing test items in which the probability of a positive response to an item is determined by the person's estimated position on the underlying trait being measured.

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acquiescence response set

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a bias in which people are more likely to agree than disagree with anything that is asked of them.

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response set

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a bias responding to test items that is unrelated to the personality characteristic being measured.

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social desirability response set

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a bias in which people are likely to want to present themselves in a favorable light.

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ethnic bias

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a type of bias in which a test fails to take into account the relevant culture or subculture of the person being tested.

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minnesota multiphasie personality inventory (mmpi)

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a comprehensive, self-report personality test that is focued on assessing psychopathology.

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factor analysis

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a statistical technique in which correlations among a number of simple scales are reduced to a few basic dimensions.

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personality research form (prf)

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a self-report test that assesses needs by forced responses to short, standarized items.

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q-sort

Back 24

a method of personality assessment in which a person is given a stack of cards naming various characteristics and is asked to sort them into piles.

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electroencephalogram (eeg)

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a measurement of electrical brainwave activity using electrodes attached to the outside of the skull.

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experience sampling method of assessment

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a method in which participants record their current activity or though processes when they are paged by the experimenter at various intervals.

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psychotherapeutic interview

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an interview in which a client talks about the important or troubling parts of his or her life.

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structured interview

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a systematic interview in which the interviewer follows a definite plan so that similar types of information are elicited from each interviewee.

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typology

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a categorical scheme in which a person is a member of only one of a small set of groups.

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expressive style

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a term used to describe nonverbal social skills such as vocal characteristics, facial expressions, body gestures, and movements.

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document analysis

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a method of assessing personality by applying personality theories to the study of diaries, letters, and other personal records.

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projective test

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an assessment techniquethat attempts to study personality through use of a relatively unstructured stimulus, task, or situation.

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thematic apperception test (tat)

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a projective test in which a participant is asked to make up a story about a picture presented.

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demographic information

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information relevant to population statistics such as age, cultural group, place of birth, religion, etc.

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case study design

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a research method that involved an in-depth analysis of a single individual.

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coorelational studies

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studies in which the degree of relationship between two variables is assessed.

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control group

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a comparison group that provides a standard by which to evaluate a theroy or technique.

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psychoanalytic

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freud's basic approach to understanding personality.

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hysteria

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various forms of mental illness for which no organize cause could be found and which could sometimes be cured by psychological and social influences.

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hypnosis

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a process by which a person is induced into a trance state where action is partially under the control of another person.

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free association

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a method used in psychoanalysis in which an individual reports everything that comes into awareness.

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unconscious

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the portion of the mind that is not accessible to conscious thought.

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manifest content

Back 43

the part of dreams or other aspects of psychological experience that is remembered and consciously considered.

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latent content

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the part of dreams or other aspects of psychological experience that underlies the conscious portion and reveals hidden meaning.