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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sociocultural perspective?
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emphasizes the way individuals are influenced by people and social forces
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What is family perspective?
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disturbance in the patterns of interaction within the family
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What is family dynamics?
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the interaction among family members?
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What are the 4major approaches within the family perspective?
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1-intergenerational
2-structural 3-strategic 4-experiential |
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What is intergenerational?
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how our parents influence us and how we treat our kids
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What is structural?
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parents and children have distinct roles between them
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What is strategic?
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resolution of family problems
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What is experiential?
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emphasizes the unconscious and emotional processes of families.
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What are the 4 types of treatment therapies?
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1-Family
2-Group 3-Milieu 4-multicultural |
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what are the 3 major components of the multicultural approach
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1-awareness
2-knowledge 3-skill |
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Who developed the classical conditioning?
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Ivan Pavlov
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What is a unconditioned response?
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salivation of the dog
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What is an unconditioned stimulus?
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food on a plate
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What is a conditioned stimulus?
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bell ringing
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What is a conditioned response?
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salivation of the dog
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What is the definition of stimulus generalization?
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phobias
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What is the definition of stimulus discrimination?
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being afraid of bridges but only high ones
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What is averse conditioning?
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-changing behavior towards something else.
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Who developed operant conditioning?
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Skinner
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What is a primary reinforcer?
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food,water,etc
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What is a secondary reinforcer?
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praise,money
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What is a positive reinforcer?
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motivation
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What is a negative reinforcer?
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"I'll take away your phone"
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What is the definition of shaping?
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20$ for an A
10$ for a B 5$ for a C |
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What is the definition of stimulus generalization?
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phobias
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What is the definition of stimulus discrimination?
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being afraid of bridges but only high ones
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What is averse conditioning?
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alcoholic taking medication that when he drinks it makes him sick
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Who developed operant conditioning?
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Skinner
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What is a primary reinforcer?
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food,water,etc
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What is counterconditioning treatment?
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train to think that behavior is not harmful
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What is systematic desensitization?
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training someone to be relaxed as their fear approaches
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What is contingency management?
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rewarding the client for desired behaviors
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What is token economy?
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residents earn chips for good behavior in psychiatric facility
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What is a neurotransmitter?
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a chemical substance in the brain
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What are some examples of neurotransmitters?
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-acetylcholine (alzeheimer)
-GABA (inhibit movement) -Serotonin (depression, low) -dopamine (parkinson) -norepinephrine (depression,anxiety high level) -enkephalins (pain recpetors) |
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What is counterconditioning treatment?
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train to think that behavior is not harmful
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What is systematic desensitization?
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training someone to be relaxed as their fear approaches
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What is contingency management?
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rewarding the client for desired behaviors
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What is token economy?
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residents earn chips for good behavior in psychiatric facility
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What is an assessment?
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evaluation of a person based on psychological, physical social factors
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2 types of clinical interviews
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1) unstructured
2) structured |
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What is an unstructured interview?
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involves a series of open-ended questions
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What are some information sought through unstructured interview?
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1) symptoms
2) health status 3) family background 4) life history 5) reason for being in treatment |
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What is a structured interview?
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consists of a standardized series of questions with predetermined wording + order
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MSE Appearance + Behaviors
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1-hyperactivity
2-psychomotor agitation 3-psychomotor retardation 4-catatonia 5-complusion |
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What is psychomotor agitation
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get angry easily
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what is psychomotor retardation
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absent of movement
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what is catatonia
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uncontrolled movement
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MSE Content of Thought
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ideas the fill a persons head
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Examples of abnormality with content of thought
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1-obsession
2-delusion 3-overvalued ideas 4-magical thinking |
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What is affect?
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individuals outward expression of emotion
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Whats is mood?
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individuals personal experience of emotion
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What are examples of affect?
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1-inappropriate affect
2-overdramatic or exaggerated 3-restricted range (cant show emotion) |
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what are examples of mood?
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1- euthymic (neither happy nor sad)
2-dysphoric (unpleasant feeling) 3-euphoric (cheerful, ecsatic) |
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MSE Perceptual experiences
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ask whether or not they had hallucinatons
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what are hallucinations?
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perception that an object or stimulus is present when in reality it is not
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Examples of hallucinations
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1-auditory
2-visual 3-olfactoy (smell things that arent here) 4-somatic (touch) 5-gustatory (taste not there) |
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MSE Orientation
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a persons awareness of:
1-time 2-place 3-identity |
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an obsession refers to ______ and a compulsion refers to ___
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1-thoughts
2-behaviors |
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the most common kind of hallucations are ______
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1-auditory
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symptoms involving vocabulary use and style
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1-incoherence
2- illogical thinking 3-pressure of speech |
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MSE Sense of Self
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disturbance of the individuals sense of "who i am"
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what is depersonalization?
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mind/body are not connected
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what is identity confusion?
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lack of a sense of who one is
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MSE Cognitive functioning
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develop idea about the clients cognitive strenths and weaknesses
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MSE Insight + Judgement
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understanding and decision making
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What makes a good psychological test?
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1-validity
2-reliability 3-standardization |
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What is reliability?
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consistency of test scores
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what is validity?
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does it test what its suppose to test
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What is standardization
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1-same questions, environment, etc
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who developed the first intelligence test?
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-Binet
-rivised as the stanford-binet |
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Which inteligence scale is now more widely used?
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Weschsler
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formula for IQ
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Mental Age/chronological age X 100
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Whats is the self-report clinical investory?
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contains standardized questions with fixed response categories
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most popular self-report inventory
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MMPI MMPI 2
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MMPI-2 clinical and validity scale
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-depression
-paranoia -schizophrenia |
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2 types of Projective tests
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1-rorschach (ink blot)
2-TAT |
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What is behavioral assessment?
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persons behavior is recorded for measurement
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What some types of behavioral self-report?
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-behavioral interviewing
-self monitoring -target behavior -behavioral checklist |
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What is in vivo observation?
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observation in life
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What is analog observation?
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takes place in a setting designed for observing the target behaviors
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What are some psychophysiological techs?
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1-ECG
2-BP 3-EMG |
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What are some physiological techs?
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1-EEG
2-CT 3-MRI 4-PET |
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What is neuropsychological assessment?
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process of gathering info about a clients brain functions
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What is the theoretical perspective?
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a way of understanding the causes of human behavior
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What is the definition of Id?
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the structure of personality that contains sexual and aggressive instincts
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Which principle does the Id follow?
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the pleasure principle
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When does the Id take place?
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first year of life
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What is the Id all about
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its all about being sellfish as a baby
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What is the definition of Ego?
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The center of conscious awareness in personality
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When does the ego take place?
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across a 5 yr span
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what principle does the ego follow?
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reality principle
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what is one function of ego?
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gives individual the power of judgement and decision-making
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What is the definition of superego?
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all about moral and values taught by your parents
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when does the superego occur?
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first 5 years of life
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What is the definition of a defense mechanism?
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a way of making excuses for their behavior
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What is the definition of high adaptive defense mechanism?
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healthly response to a stressful situation
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What are some examples of high adaptive defense mechanisms?
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-humor
-suppression |
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what are the 6 categories of defense mechanism?
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1-high adaptive (humor)
2-mental inhibations (displacement, get mad at someone else not involved) 3-disavowl (denial) 4-image distortion (splitting) 5-projection 6-reaction formation (doing the opposite of what you say) |
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Oral Stage
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-0 to 18 month
-always have something in your mouth -can be orally passive or aggressive |
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what is the main source of pleasure for infants
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-mouth and lips
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Anal Stage
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-18month to 3 years
-toliet training begins |
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what is anal retentive?
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person is overcontrolled and strict
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What is anal expulsive?
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person is sloppy and messy
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Phallic Stage
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-3 to 5 years
-child becomes sexually attracted to opposite parent |
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What is the Oedipus Complex?
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-mommas boy
-sexually attraction of boys to their mothers |
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What is Electra Complex?
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-daddy's girl
-sexually attraction of girl to their father |
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Latency Stage
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-5 to 12 years
-only stage not sexual -where you develop friends |
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Gential Stage
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-12 years to adulthood
-develop sexual feeling for friends |
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What is adult genitality?
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the ability to express sexual feeling in a mature way
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Who is Carl Jung?
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-post-freudian theorist
-idea of archetypes |
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What are archetypes?
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-symbols pasted on down to help guide individuals
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What are some examples of archetypes?
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-good vs. evil
-the hero -rebirth |
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Alfred Adler and Karen Horney
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-all about birth order
-close relationship with family and friends are seen as gratifying in themselves |
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Who is Erik Erikson?
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-post-freudian theorist
-believes that as you age your personality goes through 8 stages |
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Who is Mary Slater Ainsworth?
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developed characterizations of infants according to attachment styles.
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What are attachment styles?
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the way of relating to a caregiver
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What is free association?
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the clients speaks freely in therapy
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What is dream analysis?
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where the client relates their dreams to the clincian
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What is transferrence?
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clincian related events from his life an shares it with their patient
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What is the process of "working through"?
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when the client is helped to achieve a healthier resolution
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What is client's resistance?
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holding back within the therapy
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people are classified into 1 of 3 romantic attachment styles
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1-secure
2-preoccupied (ambivalent) 3-fearful (avoidant) |
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what is secure attachment style?
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find it easier to relate to others in close relationship
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what are ambivant attachment style?
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ppl seek closeness with others but worry that they will not value them
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What are avoidant attachment style?
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relationships create conflict b/c of the potential for being hurt
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What is the humanistic perspective?
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they want you to find the meaning of your problems
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What is the person-centered theory?
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helps the person reach their highest potential
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What does the term client-centered mean?
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help ppl strive to be the best the can be
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Who is Abraham Maslow?
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developed the idea of self-actualization?
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What is self-actualization?
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the maximum realization of the individuals potential
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What is the hierarchy of needs?
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describes the orders in which human needs are fulfilled
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What is unconditional positive regard?
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involves total acceptance of what the client says, does and feels
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What is motivational interviewing?
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helps the client to explore and resolve their doubt
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