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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What age group suffers more from impaired performance due to lack of sleep?
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18-24 years
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Ideal time to fall asleep
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10-15 mins
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Sleep
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Natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of world is suspended
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By age 2... (sleep)
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Child spent nearly 14 months asleep
10 months awake Cognitive, language, physical skills acquired b/c of this |
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By age 2, brain has reached _ of adult size
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90%
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Sleep deprivation at any age...
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direct effect on functioning of prefrontal cortex which is involved in executive functioning
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Prefrontal cortex
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Higher order (executive) functioning
Integrating thoughts and emotions |
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Functions of sleep
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Brain development
Pre-frontal cortex Restorative function - central nervous system rest |
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Williamson and Feyer 2000
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People who drove after being awake for 17-19 hours performed worse than those with alcohol level of 0.5
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After 48 hours of awake time...
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Hallucinations, heightened senses, feeling of creativity
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Mental health affected by sleep...
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ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, Substance use
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Infants and Toddlers sleep problems
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Night waking
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Preschool sleep problems
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Bedtime refusal, nightime fears, falling asleep alone
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Primary school sleep problems
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Bedtime problems and falling asleep
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Adolescent sleep problems
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Circadian rhythm shifts, insomnia, diminished hours of sleep
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Adult sleep problems
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Insomnia
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Why do people get depressed?
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Genes, Neurochemistry, Temperament, Environment, Thinking styles, behaviour
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Psychological treatment for depression
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CBT - cognitive focus
IPT - Inter-personal therapy |
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Medical treatment for depression
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SSRI
Tricyclics |
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Bipolar 1 Disorder
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Must meet criteria for at least one lifetime manic episode
Can precede or followed by hypomanic/depressive episodes |
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Bipolar 2 Disorder
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Meet criteria for 1 hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode
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Manic Episode
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Distinct period of abnormality and persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting 1 week and present almost everyday
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Hypomanic Episode
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Distinct period of abnormality and persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting 4 days and present almost everyday
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Externalising Behaviour
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Dysregulated behaviour
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ADHD
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Display age-inappropriate levels of inattention/hyperactivity
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Symptoms of ADHD must be...
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Present before age 12
Occur across 2 or more settings Cause significant impairment in everyday function |
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Three Types of ADHD
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Predominantly Inattentive
Predominantly Hyperactive Combined |
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What causes ADHD?
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Hereditary
Genetics Neuroanatomy Neuropsychological functioning |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD
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Age-inappropriate pattern of stubborn, hostile and defiant behaviours
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Symptoms of ODD
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Losing temper, arguing, breaking rules, annoying others, feeling angry, being resentful, spiteful
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Causes of ODD
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Temperament
Parent-child interactions |
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Treatment of ODD
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Behaviour management
Parent-child interaction therapy |
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Conduct Disorder CD
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Aggression towards people and animals
Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violations of rules |
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Causes of CD
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Temperament
Parenting practices Peer groups Post-antisocial behaviour |
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Internalising Disorders
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Central feature is disordered mood or emotion
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Causes of childhood depression
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Genetics/Neurotransmitters
World view Academic and social difficulties Coping/emotional skills Exposure to life's stressors |
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Treatment of childhood depression
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Parent psychoeducation
Cognitive Behaviour therapy Academic help Medication |
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Childhood anxiety
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Extreme fears of stimulus or general worries
Response to perceived threat |
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Males tend to respond to life's stressors by exhibiting symptoms of _ behaviours
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Externalising
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Females tend to respond to life's stressors by exhibiting symptoms of _ behaviours
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Internalising
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M to F ratios of ADHD, ODD, CD (externalising disorders)
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4:1
4:1 4:1 |
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F to M ratios of depression and anxiety (internalising disorders)
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1:1
2:1 |
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Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction
Restricted/repetitive patterns of behaviour |
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Autism occurs in _ of population
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1%
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Autism is _ times more likely in males
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4
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Autism is typically recognised at _ years
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2
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