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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Psychology |
Is the scientific study of the mind, brain and behaviour |
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Levels of analysis (List what they are) |
Rungs on a ladder of analysis -lower Rungs -biological, brain structure (biological influences) -middle rungs- psychological, thoughts,feelings, emotions -higher rungs- social culture influences, relating to others and personal relationships |
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Multiply determined |
Caused by many factors |
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Multicausality |
Multiple different contributors |
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Nature |
Biological & genetic |
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Nurture |
Environmental factors, experiences in life |
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Theories |
Broad, general, idea to explain a behaviour |
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Hypothesis |
Testable Prediction to prove or disprove theory |
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Correlation |
Association between variable |
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Pseudoscience |
Fake science |
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Individual differences |
Variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality and behaviour |
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Emic approach |
Study the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of a "native" |
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Etic approach |
Study the behaviour of a culture from the perspective of an outsider |
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Introspection |
Method by which trained observers carefully reflect and report on their mental experiences |
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Structuralism |
School of psychology that aimed to identify the basic elements of psychological experience |
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Functionalism |
School of psychology that aimed to understand the adaptive purposes of psychological characteristics |
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Natural selection |
Organisms possess adaptations survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other Organisms |
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Behaviourism |
Focuses on uncovering the general laws of learning by looking at observable behaviour |
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Cognitive psychology |
Proposes that thinking is central to understanding behaviour |
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Cognitive neuroscience |
Relation between brain functioning and thinking |
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Confirmation bias |
Tendency to seek out evidence that supports our hypothesis and deny evidence that contradicts it |
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Evolutionary psychology |
Discipline that applies Darwin theory of natural selection to human and animal behaviour |
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Naive realism |
Belief that we see the world precisely as it is |
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Scientific theory |
Explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world |
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Belief perseverance |
Tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them |
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Metaphysical claim |
Assertion abt the world that is not testable |
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Ad hoc immunizing hypothesis |
Escape batch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification |
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Terror management theory |
Theory proposing thst our awareness of our death leaves us with an underlying sense of terror we cope with by adopting reassuring cultural views |
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Scientific skepticism |
Approach of evaluating all claims with and open mind |
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6 principles of scientific thinking |
Falsifiability Occasion razor Replicability Ruling out rival hypotheses Correlation vs causation Extraordinary claims |
FORRCE |
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Correlation-causation fallacy |
Error of assuming that because one thing is associated with another, it must cause the other |
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Basic research |
Research examining how the mind works |
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Applied research |
Research examining how we can use basic research to solve real world problems |
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