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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the central nervous system? |
neurons in brain and spinal chord |
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what is the peripheral nervous system? |
all other neurons not including brain and spinal chord |
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what are the two components of the peripheral nervous system? |
1. autonomic 2. somatic |
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what is meant by somatic nervous system? |
the division of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that carry information from the sense to the central nervous system and from there to the muscles of the body, enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles (and is also called the skeletal nervous system ).
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what is the autonomic nervous system? |
division of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all involuntary muscles, organs, glands ( Autonomic means “self-regulating”) |
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what are the functions within the autonomic nervous system? |
1. sympathetic nervous system 2. parasympathetic nervous system |
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what is the purpose of the sympathetic nervous system? |
arouses and expends energy (When aroused) "fight or flight" |
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what is the purpose of the parasympathetic nervous system? |
conserving energy (returns the body back to normal functioning after arousal) "rest and digest" |
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what are the three main structures of the brain? |
1. forebrain 2. midbrain 3. hindbrain |
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what are the four main components of the forebrain? |
1. thalamus 2. limbic system 3. cerebral cortex |
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what is the most developed part of the brain? |
forebrain |
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what is the thalamus? |
the brain’s sen-sory router, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cer-ebellum and medulla. (relay center for sensory information) |
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what are the three parts of the limbic system? |
1. hippocampus 2. amygdala 3. hypothalamus |
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what is the hypothalamus? |
the part of the brain that regulates the four f's feeding fleeting fighting and f-ing |
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what is the cerebral cortex? |
the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells cover-ing the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information - processing center (responsible for higher thought) |
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what is the hippocampus' main purpose? |
memory (formation and storage) |
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what is the amygdala's main purpose? |
it plays a significant role in emotion esp. aggression and anger (fear responses and memory of fear) |
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where can the reticular formation be found?
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the midbrain |
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what is the hindbrain's main purposes? |
to do things that things that are life sustaining |
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what are the 3 parts of the hindbrain? |
1. medulla 2. pons 3. cerebellum |
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what is the medulla? |
responsible for life sustaining functions like breathing swallowing and heart rate
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what is the pons? |
helps brain communicate with itself from left to right |
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what is the cerebellum? |
regulates coordination and fine motor movement |
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what is the left hemisphere known to be better at? |
logic |
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what is the right hemisphere known to better for? |
creativity |
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what is meant by contralateral organization? |
the right brain controls the left side of the body and the left brain controls the right side of the body |
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who was Phineas Gage? |
a mine worker that was in an explosive accident resulting in a rod through his head. after the incident his personality change and he became more aggressive as a result to damage to his brain |
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who is Paul Broca? |
researcher with an aphasic patient, who couldn't speak but could sing/shout, after his death he studied his brain |
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who is Roger Sperry? |
a researcher who severed corpus callosum on cats and studied their reaction when rats were put on either sides of them |
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what is the corpus callosum? |
the part of the brain in the center that helps the left and right hemisphere communicate with each other |
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what are the four lobes of the brain? |
1. frontal 2. parietal 3. occipital 4. temporal |
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what are the three main functions of the frontal lobe? |
1. higher level reasoning 2. emotion 3. speech |
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what are the two specific parts of the frontal lobe we discussed? |
1. Broca's area 2. motor strip |
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what is the motor strip? |
part of the frontal lobe that directly controls movement |
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what is Broca's area? |
part of the frontal lobe that regulates speech production |
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what is the main purpose of the parietal lobe? |
speech processing |
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what is one specific part of the parietal lobe we talked about? |
somatosensory strip |
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what is the somatosensory strip? |
part of the parietal lobe that regulates touch |
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what is the main function of the occipital lobe? |
vision |
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what is the main purpose of the temporal lobe? |
hearing |
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what is the specific area we spoke of in the temporal lobe? |
wernicke's area |
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what is wernicke's area? |
regulates receptive language |
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what are neurons? |
the cells that make up the nervous system |
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what is the purpose of the dendrites? |
receiving information |
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what is the purpose of axons?
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sending out information |
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what is the body of neurons that contains the nucleus called? |
soma |
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what are the three parts of neuron? |
1. dendrites 2. axons 3. soma |
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what is the synapse? |
the gap between one neurons dendrites and another's axon |
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what is the myelin sheath? |
a protective fatty outer layer on axon that controls the swiftness and strength of the message flowing through the axon |
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what is reuptake? |
the process of reabsorbing the neurotransmitters into the anon terminals that are left over in the synaptic gap |
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communication within a neuron is... |
electro chemical |
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communication between two neurons is... |
chemical |
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what are action potentials? |
a neural orgasm
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who are Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley? |
the discoverers of the mechanics of neural transmission by studying giant squid neuron |
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what are neurotransmitters? |
they deliver the messages between neurons |
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what are the four main NTs? |
1. endorphins 2. dopamine 3. serotonin 4. norepinephrine |
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what do endorphins do? |
elevates mood and eases pain |
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what does serotonin do? |
controls movement (parkinson can be caused by a lack of) |
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what does dopamine do? |
deals with mood and arousal (can be found in antidepressants) |
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what does norepinephrine do? |
controls alertness and arousal |
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what are the endocrine glands? |
glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream |
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what are hormones? |
chemicals released into the bloodstream by endocrine glands
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what is the pituitary gland? |
gland that secretes human growth hormone and influence all other hormones-secreting glands (master gland)
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what is the pineal gland? |
endocrine gland that secretes melatonin
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what is the thyroid gland? |
endocrine gland that regulates metabolism |
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what is the pancreas? |
endocrine gland that controls blood sugar |
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what is the gonads? |
endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate sexual development and behavior |
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what are the ovaries? |
female gonads |
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what are the testes? |
male gonads |
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what are the adrenal glands? |
endocrine gland that secrete 30 different hormones |
