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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Accomodation:
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Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences
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Age of viability:
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The age at which a baby can survive in the vents of a premature birth
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animism
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the beleif that all things are living
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assimilation
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interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental strcutres without changing them
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attatchment:
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a close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers
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Centration:
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The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects
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Cephalocaudal trend
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The head-to-foot direction of motor development
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cognitive development
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transitions in youngers patterns of thinking, including reasining, remembering and problem solving
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conservation
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Piagets term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in thier shape or appearence
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Cross-sectional design
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a research in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time
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dementia
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an abonormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment
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Development
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the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
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developmental norms
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the average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities
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dishabituation
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an increase in the strength of a habituated response eleicted by a new stimulus
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egocetrism
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a limited ability to share another persons viewpoint
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embryonic stage
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the second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month
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family life cycle
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a sequence of stages that families tend to progress through
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fetal acohol sydrome
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a collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregancy
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fetal stage
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the third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth
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gender differences
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actual disparities between the sexes in tupical behavior or average ability
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Gender roles
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expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex
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gender stereotypes
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widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits and behavior
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gender
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culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity
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germinal stage
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the first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conceptions
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habituation:
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a gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatidly
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inrreversibility:
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the inability to envision reversing an action
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longitudinal design
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a research desing which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time
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maturation
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development that relfects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint
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menarche
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the first occurence of menstration
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midlife crisis
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a difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of ones life
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motor development
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the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities
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object permanence
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recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible
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placenta
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a structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mothers bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother
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Prenatal period
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the period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy
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Primary sex characterstics
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the sexual structures necessary for reporduction
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proximodistal trend
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the centre-outward direction of motor development
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puberty
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the period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual (reporductive) maturity
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Pubescence:
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The two-year span preceeding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place
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Scaffolding
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occurs when the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progressess
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secondary sex characteristics
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physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reporduction
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Separation Anxiety
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Emitional distress seen in many infants when they are seperated from people wiht whom they have formed an attchment
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sex:
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the biologically based categories of male and female
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socialization
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the acquisition of the norms, roles and behaviors expected of people in a particular society.
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Stage:
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a developmental period during which characterstic patters of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established
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Temperment:
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An individuals characterstic mood, activitey level, and emotional reactivity
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Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
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the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners
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