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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Accomodation:
Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences
Age of viability:
The age at which a baby can survive in the vents of a premature birth
animism
the beleif that all things are living
assimilation
interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental strcutres without changing them
attatchment:
a close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers
Centration:
The tendency to focus on just one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects
Cephalocaudal trend
The head-to-foot direction of motor development
cognitive development
transitions in youngers patterns of thinking, including reasining, remembering and problem solving
conservation
Piagets term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in thier shape or appearence
Cross-sectional design
a research in which investigators compare groups of subjects of differing age who are observed at a single point in time
dementia
an abonormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment
Development
the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
developmental norms
the average age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities
dishabituation
an increase in the strength of a habituated response eleicted by a new stimulus
egocetrism
a limited ability to share another persons viewpoint
embryonic stage
the second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month
family life cycle
a sequence of stages that families tend to progress through
fetal acohol sydrome
a collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregancy
fetal stage
the third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth
gender differences
actual disparities between the sexes in tupical behavior or average ability
Gender roles
expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex
gender stereotypes
widely held beliefs about males' and females' abilities, personality traits and behavior
gender
culturally constructed distinctions between masculinity and femininity
germinal stage
the first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conceptions
habituation:
a gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatidly
inrreversibility:
the inability to envision reversing an action
longitudinal design
a research desing which investigators observe one group of subjects repeatedly over a period of time
maturation
development that relfects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint
menarche
the first occurence of menstration
midlife crisis
a difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of ones life
motor development
the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities
object permanence
recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible
placenta
a structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mothers bloodstream and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother
Prenatal period
the period from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy
Primary sex characterstics
the sexual structures necessary for reporduction
proximodistal trend
the centre-outward direction of motor development
puberty
the period of early adolescence marked by rapid physical growth and the development of sexual (reporductive) maturity
Pubescence:
The two-year span preceeding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place
Scaffolding
occurs when the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progressess
secondary sex characteristics
physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reporduction
Separation Anxiety
Emitional distress seen in many infants when they are seperated from people wiht whom they have formed an attchment
sex:
the biologically based categories of male and female
socialization
the acquisition of the norms, roles and behaviors expected of people in a particular society.
Stage:
a developmental period during which characterstic patters of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established
Temperment:
An individuals characterstic mood, activitey level, and emotional reactivity
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
the gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners