Psy3032 - Abnormal Psychology Week 10 - Dissociative And Somatoform

Front 1

In history dissociative and somatoform disorders were grouped together and called what type of anxiety condition?

Back 1

Neurosis, hysteria, and hysterical neurosis

Front 2

What are the 5 dissociative diorders in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 2

1. Dissociative Amnesia;
2. Dissociative Fugue;
3. Depersonalisation Disorder;
4. Dissociative Identity Disorder;
5. Dissociative Disroder NOS

Front 3

Dissociative disorders in the DSM-III were based on what, where DSM-IV-TR and beyond they are based of what?

Back 3

DSM-III was based on aetiology where DSM-IV-TR and beyond are based on symptoms

Front 4

What is dissociative disorder not categorised as a type of anxiety disorder?

Back 4

because anxiety is not always present in people with dissociative disorders

Front 5

What are the 4 dissociative diorders in the DSM-5?

Back 5

1. Dissociative amnesia;
2. Depersonalisation/derealisation Disorder;
3. Dissociative Identity Disorder;
4. Dissociative Disorder NEC

Front 6

Dissociative Fugue in the DSM-IV-TR is being subsumed by which disorder in the DSM-5?

Back 6

Dissociative Amnesia

Front 7

NEC stands for what?

Back 7

Not Elsewhere Classified.

Front 8

What is the onset of a dissociative disorder commonly related to?

Back 8

stress, usually childhood traumas

Front 9

The failure of consciousness to perform it's usual role of integrating our cognitions, emotions, motivations, and other aspects of experience into our awareness is known as what?

Back 9

dissociation

Front 10

Dissociation results in aspects of our cognition or experience being what?

Back 10

consciously inaccessible

Front 11

Dissociation is generally described as a lack of what between experiences?

Back 11

association

Front 12

What differential effect on memory is found in people with a dissociative disorder?

Back 12

While memory is usually enhanced by high emotionality in response to stressful events, severe dissocation seems to interfere with memory

Front 13

Prevalence of dissociative Amnesia

Back 13

7% lifetime

Front 14

The inability to recall personal information, generally about the traumatic event, describes which disorder?

Back 14

Dissociative Amnesia

Front 15

Which type of memory is effected in Dissociative Amnesia?

Back 15

explicit memory

Front 16

Typically, Dissociative Amnesia is experienced after what?

Back 16

a traumatic event

Front 17

People who experience fugue will often remember the details of their life and experiences except for what?

Back 17

those events that took place during the fugue

Front 18

Which type of dissociaitve amnesic episode results in extreme memory loss along with suddenly leaving home and establishing a new identity?

Back 18

fugue

Front 19

What type of memory is the ability to consciously recall experiences?

Back 19

explicit memory

Front 20

What differentiates dissociative amnesia from dementia?

Back 20

dementia has a slow onset, is not linked to stress, and is usually accompanied by MCI, where dissociative amnesia in rapid onst, in response to stres and cognitive functioning is not affected except for explicit memory

Front 21

What differential diagnosis must be ruled out for dissociative amnesia?

Back 21

substance abuse, dementia and TBI

Front 22

Prevalence of dissociative fugue?

Back 22

0.20%

Front 23

People in a dissociate fugue state usually forget what?

Back 23

who they are

Front 24

In the DSM-IV-TR is dissociative fugue a disorder on its own or a subtype?

Back 24

a disorder on its own. It will be a subtype of dissociative amnesia in the DSM-5

Front 25

The disrupted perception of self and surroundings is a characteristics of which dissociative disorder?

Back 25

depersonalisation/derealisation disorder

Front 26

Does memory lost occur in depersonalisation disorder?

Back 26

no

Front 27

What a 2 examples of unusual sensory experiences that people with depersonalisation/derealisation disorder might have?

Back 27

their limbs may seems drastically changed in size, and their voice may sound strange to them

Front 28

People with depersonalisation/derealisation disorder may feel like they are outside what?

Back 28

their own bodies

Front 29

Derealisation refers to the sensation that the world has become what?

Back 29

unreal

Front 30

What is commonly comorbid with depersonalisation disroder?

Back 30

personality disorders

Front 31

Onset of depersonalisation disorder

Back 31

typically in adolescence and can be rapid or insidious

Front 32

What proportion of people with depersonalisation disorder experience anxiety and depression?

Back 32

two-thirds

Front 33

Is depersonalisation usually an acute or chronic disorder?

Back 33

chronic

Front 34

Why are two reasons depersonalisation and derealisation being combined in the DSM-5?

Back 34

because most people who experience depersonalisation also experience derealisationand the course of symptoms is similar for both disorders

Front 35

What differential diagnosis must be ruled out for depersonalisation/derealisation?

Back 35

schizophrenia, PTSD, and BPD

Front 36

Which disorder can result in people feeling strange and not recognising their own reflection?

Back 36

depersonalisation disorder

Front 37

Prevalence of depersonalisation disorder?

Back 37

2.40%

Front 38

DID stands for what?

Back 38

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Front 39

How many alters must be required for DID and what is the average number of alters?

Back 39

minimum of 2, and average of 2 to 4

Front 40

When is DID thought to develop?

Back 40

in childhood

Front 41

When is DID typically diagnosed?

Back 41

in adulthood

Front 42

Is DID more common in men or woman?

Back 42

woman

Front 43

What must each alter have to meet the diagnosis for DID?

Back 43

independent thinking, feeling and behaving

Front 44

What do the alters often lack awareness of?

Back 44

each other

Front 45

Each alter must be active when?

Back 45

at different times

Front 46

What defining feature involving memory is often found in DID?

Back 46

the inability to recall information experienced by one alter when a different alter is present

Front 47

Why has DID increased in prevalence over time?

Back 47

because it's received attention in the literature

Front 48

Almost all patients with DID report what?

Back 48

severe childhood abuse

Front 49

What are the two theories of DID?

Back 49

posttraumatic model and the sociocogntive model

Front 50

The posttraumatic model of DID proposes that some people are particularly likely to use what to cope with the trauma which is a key factor in causing people to develop alters after trauma?

Back 50

dissociation

Front 51

The sociocogntive model considers DID to be the result of what?

Back 51

learning to enact social roles by developing alters in response to suggestions from therapists, exposure to media reports on DID, or other cultural influences

Front 52

What is a famous example of how people can role-play DID for their own gain?

Back 52

Ken Biachi - Hillside Strangler

Front 53

What type of memories do alters share and not share?

Back 53

share implicit memories but not usually explicit

Front 54

What clincian bias is found in the diagnosis of DID?

Back 54

a small number of clinicans diagnosed a majority of DID cases

Front 55

What is the goal of treatment for DID?

Back 55

to convince the person that splitting into different personalities is no longer necessary to deal with the traumas

Front 56

What is the agreed general therapeutic approach for treating a person with DID?

Back 56

taking an empathietic and gentle stance, with the goal of helping the client function as a wholly integrated person

Front 57

What treatment is mostly used for DID more than any others treatments in any disorders?

Back 57

psychodynamic

Front 58

Psychodynamic theory of DID asserts that DID is a result of what?

Back 58

the repession of traumatic memories

Front 59

What is DID often comorbid with?

Back 59

depression and anxiety

Front 60

What is the problem with research in DID?

Back 60

limited controlled studies and it is confounded by trauma

Front 61

Features of one of the Dissociative Disorders that fails to meet the diagnostic criteria is known as what?

Back 61

Dissociative Disorder NOS

Front 62

Somatoform disorders is known as what in DSM-5?

Back 62

Somatic Symptoms Disorder

Front 63

What are the 7 somatoform diorders in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 63

1. Samoatisation Disorder (hysteria);
2. Undifferentiated Somatofomr Disorder;
3. Conversion Disorder;
4. Pain diosrder;
5. Hypochondriases;
6. Body Dysmorphic Disorder;
7. Somatoform Disorder NOS

Front 64

What are the 3 somatic symptom diorders in the DSM-5?

Back 64

1. Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder;
2. Illness Anxiety Disorder;
3. Functional Neurological Disorder

Front 65

Are Somatic Symptoms Disorders caused or invented by the patient?

Back 65

no

Front 66

People with somatic symptoms disorders seek what?

Back 66

frequent medical treatment

Front 67

Which somatoform disorder in the DSM-IV-TR is being moved to OCD-related disorders in DSM-5?

Back 67

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Front 68

Preoccupation with exaggerate or imagined deficit in body's appearance describes which disorder?

Back 68

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Front 69

Why is Body Dysmorphic Disorders being moved in the DSM-5?

Back 69

because it involves debiliatating anxiety and presents simliar to OCD

Front 70

A group of condition characterised by excessive concern about physical symptoms or health are called what in the DSM-5?

Back 70

Somatic symptoms disorders

Front 71

Pain with an onset, continuation, and severity underpinned by psychological factors is known as what in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 71

Pain disorder

Front 72

Pain Disorder typically follows what?

Back 72

stressfull or traumatic event

Front 73

Compared with typical pain what is different about the description of pain by people with Pain Disorder?

Back 73

it is more vague and variable is terms of location, sensation and triggers

Front 74

Multiple, recurrent somatic complaints with no physiological cause describes what disorder in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 74

Somatisation Disorder

Front 75

What does a person with Somatisation Disorder continually do?

Back 75

seek treatment from different doctors with different complaints

Front 76

Typical onset of somatisation disorder?

Back 76

early adulthood

Front 77

What was somatisation disoder known as for many years?

Back 77

Briquet's Syndrome

Front 78

The preoccupation with a fear of having a major illness is known in the DSM-IV-TR as what?

Back 78

Hypochrondriasis

Front 79

How long did symptoms have to be present for in the DSM-IV-TR to meet the criteria for hypochondriasis?

Back 79

6 months

Front 80

Is hypochondriasis the belief that you have a major illness or the fear of having a major illness?

Back 80

fear of having a major illness

Front 81

Do people with hypochondriasis generally have a positive or negative attitude towards health care providers? Why?

Back 81

negative because they are do not find a major illness

Front 82

What is hypochondriasis typically comorbid with?

Back 82

anxiety and depression

Front 83

Which conditions in the DSM-IV-TR are being combined to form Complex Somatic Symptom Disorder in DSM-5?

Back 83

somatisation, pain disorder and hypochondriasis (if accompanied by somatic symptoms)

Front 84

What are the three general criteria for complex somatic disorderin the dSM-5?

Back 84

1. one or more somatic symptoms causing distress/disruption;
2. individual devotes excessive time, energy, experiences anxiety, concern to somatic symptoms; and
3. duration of at least 6 months

Front 85

What are the three subtypes of complex somatic symptoms disorder in DSM-5?

Back 85

predominant somatic complaints, predominent health anxiety, or predominant pain

Front 86

Compared to DSM-IV-TR the DSM-5 system places more emphasis on what rather than the number or range of somatic symptoms?

Back 86

distress and behaviour accompanying somatic symptoms

Front 87

How is hypochondriasis being split in the DSM-5?

Back 87

Hypochrondriasis with somatic complaints falls under complex somtic symptom disorder, and hypochondriasis without somatic complaints falls under illness anxiety disorder

Front 88

The sudden onset of sensory or motor symptoms characterised which disorder in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 88

Conversion Disorder

Front 89

What sort of sensory symptoms may be found in conversion disorder?

Back 89

tunnel vision, tingling, loss of feeling/vision/hearing

Front 90

What sort of motor symptoms may be found in conversion disorder?

Back 90

paralysis and seizures

Front 91

What did hypocrates call conversion disorder and what did he attribute was the cause of the condition?

Back 91

hysteria, a wandering uterus

Front 92

What did Freud assert that converion disorder was a result of?

Back 92

the conversion of anxiety or psychological conflict to the physical

Front 93

Onset of conversion disorder

Back 93

adolescence to early adutlhood

Front 94

Conversion disorder is typically comorbid with what?

Back 94

depression and anxiety

Front 95

What is conversion disorder renamed as in the DSM-5?

Back 95

Functional Neurological Disorder

Front 96

What proportion of patients with Functional Neurological Disorder/Conversion Disorder meet the criteria for another somatic disorder?

Back 96

more than half

Front 97

What disorders are commonly comorbid with converson disorder/functional neurological disorder?

Back 97

MDD, substance use disorders, and PD's

Front 98

What criteria for conversion disorder are being removed for functional neurological disorder in the DSM-5?

Back 98

symptoms are associated with a psychological stressor and that the patient is not feigning as these cannot be reliably measured

Front 99

What are the three main criteria for functional lneurological disorder in the DSM-5?

Back 99

1. Neurological symptoms with no cause;
2. Inconsistent with medical tests or a recognised neurological disorder;
3. causes functionina impairment or symptoms warrant medical investigation

Front 100

What is the name of the somatic disorder where a person intentionally fakes a psychological or somatic symtom for gain in the DSM-IV-TR?

Back 100

Malingering

Front 101

What is the name of the somatic disorder where a person intentionally produces physical symptoms to assume the role of the patient but where there is no gain?

Back 101

Factitious Disorder

Front 102

Are somatoform disorders heritable?

Back 102

no

Front 103

What two factors in the eatiology of somatic disorders explain the increases in awareness of and distress over somatic symptoms?

Back 103

neurological factors and cognitive factors

Front 104

Neurobiological models of somatic symptoms focus on brain regions that are activated by what?

Back 104

unpleasent body sensations

Front 105

Pain and somatic symptoms can be increased by what three things?

Back 105

anxiety, depression and cortisol

Front 106

Pain and uncomfortable physical sensations, as well as emotional pain, increase the activity in which areas of the brain that are closely connected to the somatosensory cortex?

Back 106

anterior insula and anterior cingulate

Front 107

What is the function of the somatosensory cortex?

Back 107

to process bodily sensations

Front 108

Heightened activity in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate are related to a greater propensity for what two things?

Back 108

somatic symptoms and more intense ratings of unpleasantness of standardised painful stimulus

Front 109

Once a somatic symptom develops, what two cognitive variables appear to be important in the cogntive behavioural model of somatic symptom disorder?

Back 109

attentions to body sensations and interpretation of those body sensations (attributions)

Front 110

People with excess distress about their somatic symptoms may automatically focus on what type of cues?

Back 110

cues of physical health problems

Front 111

A tendency to be overly concerned about one's health may have evolved from what?

Back 111

early experiences of medical symptoms or from family attitudes towards physical illness

Front 112

What are the two stages in the psychodynamic model of functionial neurological disorder?

Back 112

focus on lack of conscious awareness of perception, and motivation for symptoms

Front 113

What is the main premise behind the psychodynamic explanation for the development and later decreasing prevalence of somatic disorders?

Back 113

people are less repressed and more open to talkng about their emotionally distressing experiences now than in history

Front 114

What is the major obstacle to treating somatic symptom disorders?

Back 114

people do not want to seek help

Front 115

What are the three goals of CBT in treating somatic disorders?

Back 115

1. Helping the perosn identify and change the emotions that trigger their somatic concern;
2. Change their cognition regarding their somatic symptoms;
3. Change their behaviours so they stop playing the role of the sick person and gain more reinforcement for engaging in other types of social interactions.

Front 116

Pain diosrders are often treated with what two things?

Back 116

antidepressants and relaxation training

Front 117

What is the primary treatment for somatisation?

Back 117

CBT