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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sensation? What is perception?
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Sensation: what you see, feel, taste, or hear Perception: how you perceive/understand that sensation/stimulus |
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Sensory receptors?
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specialized neurons located in the eyes, skin, ears, nose, and taste buds
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Absolute Threshold – Approximate Sensory Thresholds
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The minimum intensity of a stimulus necessary for it to be detected at least 50% of the time. Absolute thresholds for each sense differ from person to person, and may also vary with psychological conditions |
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Just noticeable difference
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the smallest difference between two stimuli that is detectable 50 percent of the time
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Subliminal stimuli and Subliminal perception
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Subliminal Stimuli: Stimuli that are just strong enough to activate the sensory receptors but not strong enough for people to be consciously aware of them Subliminal Perception: process by which subliminal stimuli act upon the unconscious mind and influence behavior |
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Sensory Adaptation
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sensory receptor cells become less responsive to a stimulus that is constant and unchanging
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Habituation
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tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information
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Structures of the Eye
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Cornea: bends light waves to be focused on the retina Iris: control pupil size Pupil: adjusts to different lighting Retina: contains photoreceptors Optic Nerve and Disc: blind spot (no photoreceptors there) |
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Light waves
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Length: hue/color (longer is redder, shorter is bluer) Amplitude: brightness (higher is brighter) Purity: richness of color |
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How the eyes work
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The eye receives light,
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Rods and cones
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Rods: allow us to see at night—they respond in low light, but are not particularly good at capturing fine detail
Cones: for daylight vision and color vision |
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Trichromatic vs. opponent process |
Trichromatic: proposes three types of cones: red, blue, and green
Opponent process: proposes four primary colors with cones arranged in pairs: red and green, blue and yellow |
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Color blindness |
Monochrome: no cones working (black and white)
Red-green: red or the green cones are not working (sees in blues, yellows, and shades of gray) Blue: blue cones are not working (sees in reds, greens, and shades of gray) |
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Gestalt Principles |
Figure–ground: The tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background Reversible figures: Visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed |
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Monocularand Binocular depth cues |
Binocular cues: Retinal disparity, convergence
Monocular cues: Relative size, Linear perspective, Interposition (object blocking), Position on the horizon |
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Seven sins of memory |
Transience
Absentmindedness Blocking Misattribution Suggestibility Bias Persistence |
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Cornea
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bends light waves to be focused on the retina
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iris
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control pupil size
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pupil
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adjusts to different lighting
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retina
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contains photoreceptors
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optic nerve & disc
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blind spot (no photoreceptors there)
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