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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consciousness
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The subjective awareness of mental events (thoughts, feelings, perceptions)
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Functions of Consciousness
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Monitors self and the environment and regulates thought and behavior
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Attention
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The process of focusing consciousness on a limited range of experience
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Functions of Attention
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Maintain alertness,
Orient towards information, Control behavior and contents of consciousness (how you act/react) |
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Selection and Divided Attention
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Selection: Deciding where to focus (outside stimuli or internal motivation)
Divided Attention: Attention is focused on two or more stimuli (less focus because it's spread) |
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Mindlessness
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Not particularly paying attention.
Categorical thinking (stereotyping), Rigid Adherence (single perspective actions), Automatic behaviors/habits |
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Types of mindfulness
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Bringing complete attention to the present experience
Paying attention on purpose, non judgmentally Present-Centered awareness where each through/sensation is acknowledged and accepted |
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Freud's/Psychodynamic Model of Consciousness
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Conscious: Subjective awareness of thoughts, feelings and perceptions
Pre-Conscious: Things that aren't presently conscious but could be pulled into consciousness (memories) Un-Conscious: Inaccessible to consciousness because it's too anxiety provoking |
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Circadian Rhythms
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Biological cycle that evolved around daily cycles of light and dark. Controlled by hypothalamus (cycles controlled by melatonin)
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Roles of Sleep
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- Conserving Energy
- Restoration - Consolidating - Resolving Emotional Conflicts |
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Effects of Deprivation
How much sleep does an adult need a night? |
Deprivation hinders immune system. 8 hours.
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Sleep disorders
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Narcolepsy (cataplexy): Sleep attacks randomly during conscious states. Body can't maintain consciousness (Cataplexy: mind is conscious but body is in sleep state)
Night Terrors: Wake up with intense fear after being in a non-dream state of sleep. Children usually Sleep Bruxism: Grinding teeth during the night, usually due to stress. Sleep Apnea: Periods of not breathing during the night, may not be aware of it, wake up constantly Insomnia: Inability to sleep. |
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Controlling insomnia
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- No bright lights
- Go to sleep and wake up at the same time - No naps - No caffeine/alcohol before bed - No big meals before bed - No working out before bed |
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Stages of sleep
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Stage 1: Transition between wake and sleep. Lasts about 5-10 minutes "I wasn't really sleeping" Slow brain waves (theta)
Stage 2: 20 minutes. Brain produces bursts of rhythmic brain waves (sleep spindles), body temperature and heart rate lower Stage 3: Deep, slow brain waves (delta waves). Transition between light sleep and deep sleep Stage 4: Delta sleep, lasts about 30mins. Bed wetting and sleepwalking are most likely to occur here. REM SLEEP: 7-8 times a night usually, 70-90 minutes. Dreaming. Rapid Eye Movement. Effects memory |
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Models of dreaming - Psychodynamic
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Dreams have latent content (meaning) behind the nonsensical manifest content (plot of dream) that can be translated. Relates to an unconscious wish or fear.
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Models of dreaming - Cognitive
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Dreams reflect feelings/things we learn while we're awake. Simply a type of thought.
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Models of dreaming - Biological
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Dreams are simply the brain's way of making sense of random neuron firings from the Pons used to keep the brain awake while the body rests. No meaning, "completely" random.
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Meditation
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Deep state of tranquility, blocking out of thoughts, focus on one thing at a time
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Hypnosis
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Deep relaxation and suggestibility, can do things without remembering or remember things that couldn't be recalled otherwise
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Religious Experiences
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Subjective experiences of being in contact with the divine "at one with nature/supernatural/divine"
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Psychoactive Drugs
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Drugs that operate on the nervous system to alter patterns of mental activity
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Use/Abuse/Dependence
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Use: Person uses drugs but it doesn't interfere with day to day life
Abuse: Drug use affects day to day life (binge drinking weekend = can't go to work on Monday) Physical Dependence Tolerance: The more you use, the more you need to get that same high Withdrawal: The body has a negative physical reaction when the drug is removed Psychological Dependence: Like a security blanket, not necessarily a physical dependence but they're conditioned to think they need it. |
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Drug Categories
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Depressants, Stimulants, Hallucinogens.
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Depressants
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Reduce brain activity, have a calming effect
Alcohol Barbiturates Sedatives Antianxiety Agents |
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Alcohol
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Stimulant up until a certain point, provides pleasure to re-enforce behaviours.
1/7 abuse alcohol, it reduces inhibitions and has a placebo effect so not much is actually needed to cause bad things to happen |
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Stimulants
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alertness, energy, autonomic reactivity (fight or flight). Decreases emotional response
Nicotine&Caffiene: Common and Legal Cocaine&Amphetamines: Hyperarousal (psyiological tension)&feeling of everything moving quickly. Very addictive |
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Hallucinogens
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Alters interpretation of sensory information. Produces bizzare perceptions.
Can do serious, irreversible damage to the brain. LSD/Marijuana (LSD stays in the body a long time) |
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Marijuana
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Manipulates dopamine reward circuits. Can give pleasure / panic attacks
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