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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Benefit to Risk Ratio
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potential benefit to society strong enough to warrant the potential risk to an individual.
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Numremberg Code
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roots of today's ethical guidelines.
Inspired by Nazi Crime Trials-Developed in 1948. war crime trials revealed horrifying atrocities. Dr. Clausberg......experiments on women Joseph Mengele-famous for twins experiment. |
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John Watson and Rosalke Rayner
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Conditioning Emotional Reactions
Where does fear come from? Can you condition emoitonal reaction? Procedure: Shown rat (no fear) rat touched..etc |
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Milgrim Obedience to Authority
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Nazi holocost
Determine Degree to "normal" citizens obey unethical commends shock therapy 65 went to maximum shock Careful Debriefing |
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Tuskegee Experiment
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Conducted by the United States Public Health Service
1932-1972 Examined long term effects of Syphilis continued after treatment discovered. Little knowleged gained |
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Critism of Milgrims
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Put subjects through undue stress
Taught subjects difficult facts about themselves. |
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APA Adoption of Ethical Guidelines
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Nuremberg code iimited to medical research
APA promised ethics were also important for psychology. Subjects might be damaged by emotional or mental conflict. |
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Respect and Autonomy
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participants know what they are getting into and they are free to decide whether or not to cooperate.
informed consent nature of study potential risks confidentiality voluntary participation |
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Beneficence
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doing good
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nonmaleficence
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not doing harm
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IRB
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Made up of various members of the institution.
Researchers fill out form for summision to IRB Expedited review-granted for minimal risk studies Full review for greater risk studies. |
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Justice
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Burdens as well as benefits of the research should be equally distributed.
Study is as fair as possible. Dilimas Control group will n ot get benefits. Experimental group will. |
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Trust
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Based on the assumption that the participants will be told what they are getting into and nothing will be done to jeopardize this trust
Establish a relationship of trust certificate of confidentiality/binding stored in secure location Data will be untraceable to participant |
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Fidelity and Scientific Intergrity
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Foster scientific advantages that lead to valid knowledge
poorly designed research wastes resouces may lead to invalid conclusions. |
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Deception
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Not informing participants of the complete details of study.
Strict-NEVER USE DECEPTION Lenient-Deception if only means of ensuring natural behavior. |
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Milgrims's debriefing
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friendly reconcliationa with learner
showed they were pretended to have pain results sent they were not the only ones who did this |
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5 Ways to Debrief
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1) Give explanation to reveal truth about the research and your careful consideration of the deception
2) not a reflection of character of intelligence 3) Proceed gredually and patientally with debriefing 4) what did subjects think of research situation 5) Never use Double deception. |
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8 percent of psy research is conducted on animals.
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Go CINDY!!!
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History of Animal Rights
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Vivisection-surgical procedure done on live animals for scientific proced.
Anti vivsection movement Developed in 19 century ENGLAND American Antivivsectionist Society founded in philadelphia in 1883 |
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Extreme view of Animal Research
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humans have no right to conisider themselves superiod
sentient-capable of experiencing feelings and in particular -pain Animals have the same rights...privacy, autonomy and freedom from harm. |
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Moderate View
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recognize the need for some meidcal research using animals
reject other research researchers inflict needless pain and suffering alternative approaches to research Use alternative approaches. |