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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incidence of schizophrenia?
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1%
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Findings on autopsy of schizo?
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decreased brain volume, decreased basal activity in prefrontal cortex, decreased GABAergic interneurons
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Association between positive sx and area of brain?
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Increased mesolimbic activity
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Association between negative sx and area of brain?
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Decreased mesocortical activity
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What are reciprocal synpases?
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Serotonin receptors expressed on dopaminergic neurons
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Hallucinogens are partial agonists at what receptors?
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5HT2-a
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Agents that induce psychosis?
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psychostimulants (cocaine, amphet.)
hallucinogens dissociative anesthetics (katemin, PCP) marijuana |
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How do psychostimulants cause psychosis?
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Increase synaptic monoamine concentrations
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How do Dissociative Anesthetics cause psychosis?
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NMDA antagonists
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Effect of dopamine antagonism on mesolimbic tract?
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Decreased positive sx
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Effect of dopamine antagonism on mesocorticol tract?
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Increased negative sx
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Effect of dopamine antagonism on nigrostriatial tract?
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EPS effects, parkinsonism
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Effect of dopamine antagonism on tuberlofundibular tract?
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hyperprolactinemia
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Signal transduction of D1/D5 receptors?
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Gs
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Signal transduction of D2-4 receptors?
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Gi
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For which sx do atypicals have improved action?
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negative sx
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What are the aliphatic phenothiazines?
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chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, promazine
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What are the piperidine phenothiazines?
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thioridazine, mesoridazine
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What are the piperazine phenothiazines?
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fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, pephenazine
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What is the aliphatic thioxanthine?
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chlorprothixene
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What is the piperazine thioxanthine?
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thiothixene
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What are the butyrophenones?
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haloperidol, droperidol, pimozide
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Two classes of atypicals?
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benzepines, others
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What are the benzepines?
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loxapine, clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine
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What are the other atypicals?
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molindone, risperidone, ziprasidone, aripiprazole
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What is the low potency phenthiozine?
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chlorpromazine
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What is the high potency phenthiozine?
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trifluoperazine
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What is the low potency thioxanthine?
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chlorprothixene
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What is the high potency thioxanthine?
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piperazine
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What is the binding affinity of typical agents?
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High D2
Low 5HT2-a |
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What is the binding affinity of atypical agents?
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Mod-High D2
High 5HT2-a |
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What is the binding affinity of clozapine-like agents (and what does that include)?
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Low D2
High 5HT2-a Clozapine & quetiapine |
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What is the receptor action of aripiprazole?
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mixed dopaminergic agonism & antagonism
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Low potency agents have what kind of side effects?
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low EPS, high sedation, orthostasis, and anticholinergic
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High potency agents have what kind of side effects?
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high EPS, low sedation, orthostasis, and anticholinergic
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What receptor action may be permissive for EPS effects?
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D1 antagonism
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What is dystonia?
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facial grimacing, twisting movements, torticollis
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Sx of Parkinsonism?
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tremor, rigidity, akinesia/bradykinesia, postural instability
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Sx of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
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severe Parkinsonism, hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction
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Tx for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?
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D/C agent, bromocriptine, dantrolene
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Why do antipsychotics cause seizures, and which drugs have greatest incidence?
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GABA depletion
chlorpromazine, clozapine |
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CV side effects of antipsychotics?
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orthostasis, reflex tachycardia, QT prolongation, arryhthmias
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Endocrine side effects of antipsychotics?
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hyperprolactinemia, weight gain, diabetes
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Genitourinary side effects via alpha-1 receptor?
muscarinic receptor? |
sexual dysfunction
urinary retention |
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Hematological side effects?
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agranulocytosis, eosinophilia, leukocytosis
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