Psy Exam 3 Chapter 7

Front 1

Levels of processing

Back 1

-Shallow = Structural encoding (Physical structure of stimulus)

-Intermediate = Phonemic Encoding (What words sound like)

-Deep = Semantic Encoding (Meaning of Stimulus

Front 2

Improving Encoding

Back 2

-Elaboration

-Visual Imagery

-Serial- position effect

-Self-Referent Encoding

-Mnemonic Devices

Front 3

Elaboration

Back 3

-Linking a stimulus to other info at time of encoding

Ex: Telling a story

Front 4

Visual Imagery

Back 4

-Creating visual images to represent thing to be remembered

Ex: Swimming is easier to imagine then lies

Front 5

Serial- position effect

Back 5

-Subjects tend to show better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list than for items in the middle

Front 6

Self- Referent Encoding

Back 6

-Involves deciding how and whether info is personally relevant

Ex: What street do I live on?

Front 7

Mnemonic Devices

Back 7

Encoding based on association or rhyme

Front 8

Short-term memory

Back 8

-Can maintain unrehearsed information for up to 20 seconds and from 7 to 2 words/numbers

Front 9

Long-term

Back 9

-Unlimited capacity, can hold info over long periods of time

-Flashbulb memories (Vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events)

Front 10

Clustering (Memory)

Back 10

Remembering similar or related items in groups

Front 11

Conceptual Hierarchy (Memory)

Back 11

Multilevel classification system based on common properties among items

Front 12

Schemas

Back 12

Organized cluster of knowledge about an object or event

Front 13

Chunking

Back 13

Rearranging incoming information into meaningful or familiar patterns

Front 14

Semantic Networks

Back 14

Nodes, representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts

Front 15

Encode-Store-Retrieve

Back 15

-Recovering information from memory

Computer analogy

-Encode= Keyboard

-Store= Hard Drive

-Retrieve= Monitor

Front 16

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Back 16

The inability to remember something you know

Front 17

Retrieval cues

Back 17

Stimuli that help you gain access to memories

Front 18

State-Dependant memory

Back 18

Mood or Mental state during learning

Front 19

Procedural memory

Back 19

Actions, skills, and operations

Front 20

Declarative Memory

Back 20

Facts

Front 21

Retention

Back 21

Amount of material remembered

Front 22

Recall measure

Back 22

Reproduce info on your own, without cues

Front 23

Recognition measure

Back 23

Select from a list (Multiple choice)

Front 24

Interference

Back 24

Competition from other material

-Retroactive Interference

-Proactive Interference

-Decay

Front 25

Retroactive Interference

Back 25

New info. Impair the retention of info you knew before

Front 26

Proactive Interference

Back 26

Stuff you already know interferes with the learning of new stuff

Front 27

Decay

Back 27

Memories fading over time