Psy

Front 1

Well defined problems

Back 1

curent state end goal and method of reaching the goal are all clearly defined

Front 2

ill defined

Back 2

lack clarity in either initaial state, end goal, and/or method to reach goal

Front 3

knowledge lean problems

Back 3

playing a game of chess you just need repititon

Front 4

knowledge rich problems

Back 4

need a lot of knowledge

Front 5

functional fixedness

Back 5

too focused on the generic funciton of an object and dont recognize its other potential fucntions

Front 6

mental sets

Back 6

we often go with the solution that has worked in the past

Front 7

non insight

Back 7

geting warmer, approaching the solution

Front 8

insight

Back 8

suddenly realizing how to solve a problem ex; when u figured out the trick to juggling

Front 9

represntational change thepory

Back 9

1-constraint relaxation

2-reencoding

3-elaboarton

Front 10

Incubation

Back 10

taking time away from working ona problem and revisting it later

Front 11

Heuristics

Back 11

we have limited processing capacitty and use these shortcuts to approach problems

Front 12

means end analysis

Back 12

take a goal and break it into sub goals

Front 13

hill climbing

Back 13

taking steps that will get you closer toa a goal choosing the best of the available options

Front 14

progress monitoring

Back 14

evaluating whether the current startge is adequate or not if not you adopy a new strategy

Front 15

analogical probelem solving

Back 15

how is this problem sumilar to a different problem

Front 16

hypothesis testing

Back 16

scientists form a potential explanation for something test the hypotheses then reapeat if your worng

Front 17

confirmation bais

Back 17

we often try to prove our hypothese instead of disprooving them

Front 18

unusualness heuristic

Back 18

use strange research findings to guide future research

Front 19

expertise

Back 19

is a high level of thinking and performance is a given domain achieved from years of practice on knowledge rich problems

Front 20

deliberate practice

Back 20

invloves receiving performance feedback, being able to repeat the task, and being able to correct errors

Front 21

judgment

Back 21

how likely will an event be

Front 22

decision making

Back 22

choosing from different options

Front 23

base rate information

Back 23

is helpful in making judgments

Front 24

heuristcs

Back 24

are east to use rules of thumb or mental shortcuts

Front 25

take the best

Back 25

qucik decision with little information, take th best option such as recognition

Front 26

represntativeness heuristic

Back 26

object or individual seems more typical of a catrgory, so ou assume it belongs to that category

Front 27

conjucntion fallacy

Back 27

mistakenly assume that he occurrence of two events is more likly than the occurrence of one event

Front 28

reconition heuristic

Back 28

i recognize it so i choose it

Front 29

people are more sensitive to potenatil losses than potential gains

Back 29

know as loss aversion

Front 30

framing something in terms of gains

Back 30

more risk averse

Front 31

framing something in terms of losses

Back 31

more risk seeking

Front 32

Apprasial theory

Back 32

top down

evaluatin a situation based on your goals well being and concerns

Front 33

emotion reglation

Back 33

when we use deliberate and effortful processes to try to change our (usually negative) emotional sate

Front 34

Mood state dependent memor

Back 34

beter recall when the mood at the time of learing matches the mood at the time of recall

Front 35

mood congruity

Back 35

easier to recall an even when it mactches your mood

Front 36

rumination

Back 36

compulsive focus on symptoms of distress rather than solutions