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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anorexia definition
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15% decrease in body weight
active pursuit of thinness, fear of fat disturbance in body shape/size perception amenorrhea (absense of mentral cycle for 3 mos) Associated features (pride in self control, baldness, menugo, secrecy of eating) |
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Anorexia subtypes
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Restricting: absense of food intake; weight loss thru strict dieting, no binge/purge
Binge-eating/purging: still maintains weight loss thru diet and purging after binges |
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Problems/ prevalence
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5% mortality rate (higher than any other mental disorder)
Cardiovascular problems, anemia, renal system (kidney, bladder)impairments, osteoporosis, irreversible shortness onset @ 2 peaks: 14 and 18 |
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Ethnicity/comorbidity
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More prevalent in mid-upper class (but may be confounded)
Found in all races/ethnicities More in industrialized nations( western ideals) Comorbid w/ depression (73%), anxiety (esp. OCD, social phobia), personality disorders |
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Biological context
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Neurochem: serotonin imbalence preceds anorexic beh
self-starvation reduces serotonin over-activity (abnormalities often consequences not causes) |
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Individual context
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Body image: puberty girls gain 24 lbs...distressing/ media's emphasis on thin.lead to preoccupation w/ body change
Teased by classmates if early puberty Cyclical: body dissatisfaction-> food restriction-> preoccupation w/ food->diet,control-> anxiety Borderline somatic delusions -grossly inaccurate perceptions, based on emotional conflict -less ability to identify internal body states |
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Personality characteristics
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Low self-esteem: eager to please
Perfectionism: overacheivers restricting- more social phobia, insecure, rigid binge/purgers-more extroverted/social, but more emotionally dysregulated |
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Cognitions
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excessive need for control
Ego-syntonic: consistent w/ self-image, 'like being in control', pride; weight loss= great achievement, weight gain=sign of weakness, failure, low motivation to change |
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Family Context
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Family Systems theory: 4 characteristic patterns- enmeshment, overprotectiveness, rigidity (avoids change), lack of conflict resolution.
Child's autonomy undermined, refusal to eat=covert rebellion, illness allows dependecne on parents |
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Social context
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Excessive shyness
Sexuality: most avoid sex,neg. evaluation of sex, lack of interest. hit puberty early->sexually active sooner, sexualized by society sooner: not ready. withdraw from it |
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Cultural Context
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Body ideals: gotten thinner over time
Sex-role stereotypes: female physical attractiveness is central (males more successful) Websites: pro-ana, etc |
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Bulimia Nervosa definition
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Recurrent episodes of binge eating; rapid consumption of large amounts of food, consume to point of pain
Purging-self induced vomitting, laxatives, etc Nonpurging-excessive exercise Usually average weight Caught b/w anticipated loss of control of eating and feelings of shame/guilt |
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Problems
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Electrolyte/fluid imbalence, weakness,lethargy, kidney problems, irregular heartbeat, sudden death
Vomiting: damage to stomach and esphogus, tooth decay, broken blood vessels in face, enlarge salivary glands |
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Prevalence
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1-4% female ad., about 18 yrs
85-90% female More in high SES, caucasian, highly industrialized |
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Biological
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genetics: runs in family
Neurochem: noraperephrine and serotonin system problems low serotonin (consequence of cause?) |
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Individual
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Black and white thinking: completely in control or not (disgust)
Emotion regulation-internalizing feeling, perfectionism before binge:anger, guilt, low adequacy during binge:anger, disgust after binge: depression, disgust after purge: satissfaction, feeling clean |
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Social
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Peer influence, more extroverted, more sexually active but less enjoyment
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Family
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parent psychopathology more prominent
Hostiley enmeshed Overly critical of weight |
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Treatment
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-Pharmacology: antidepressant (little effect on eating beh)
-Psychodynamic therapy: poor ego, self esteem,etc -Beh Modification: operant conditioning(change eating beh but not other feelings) -cognitive therapy (successful) -Family therapy: lunch session, observe interactions |
