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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Modal model of memory
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Baddeley
1.sensory memory 2.short-term memory 3.long-term memory |
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Control Processes
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active processes that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another
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Encoding
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process of storing info in the long-term memory
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Sensory memory
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retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation
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Semantic coding
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representing items in terms of their meaning
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Working memory
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a limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning
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Phonological Loop
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1. phonological store holds info for only a few seconds
2. articulatory rehearsal process keeps items in phonological store from decaying |
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Visuospatial sketch pad
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holds visual and spatial info
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Central executive
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attached to phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad
-pulls info from long-term memory and coordinates activity of PL and VSP by focusin on specific parts of a task and switching attention from one part to another -helps divide attention between multiple tasks |
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Serial position curve
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memory is better for words at beginning and end of list as opposed to the middle
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Explicit/Declarative Memory
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conscious memory
-consists of episodic and semantic -contents can be described or reported |
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Episodic memory
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memory for personal experiences
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Semantic memory
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stored knowledge and memory for facts
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Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
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unconscious memory
-memories that are used without awareness -contents cannot be reported -priming, procedural memory, classical conditioning |
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Priming
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change in response to a stimulus caused by the previous presentation of the same or a similar stimulus
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Procedural memory
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memory for doing things, skills
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Maintenance rehearsal
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helps maintain info in STM/WM, but is not an effective way of transferring info into LTM
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Elaborative rehearsal
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think about the meaning of an item or make connections between the item and something you know
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Shallow processing
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little attention to meaning; only physical features, maintenance rehearsal
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Deep processing
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close attention, giving meaning to item and relating it to something else
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Self-reference effect
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memory is better if you relate the object/word to yourself
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Generation effect
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generating material yourself enhances learning and retention
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Retrieval cue
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word or other stimulus that helps a person remember info stored in memory
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Free recall
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recall any stimuli
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Cued recall
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presented with retrieval cues to aid in recall of preciously experienced stimuli
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Encoding specificity
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we encode information along with its context
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State-dependent learning
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learning that is associated with a particular internal state, such as mood or state of awareness
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Transfer-appropriate processing
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memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval
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Autobiographical memory
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recollected events that belong to a person's past
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Reminiscence bump
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enhanced memory for adolescence and young adulthood found in people over 40
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Flashbulb memory
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person's memory for the circumstances surrounding hearing about shocking, highly charged events
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Source monitoring
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process of determining the origins of our memories, knowledge, or beliefs
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Schema
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person's knowledge about some aspect of the environment
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Script
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conception of the sequence of actions that usually occur during a particular experience
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