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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Modal model of memory
Baddeley
1.sensory memory
2.short-term memory
3.long-term memory
Control Processes
active processes that can be controlled by the person and may differ from one task to another
Encoding
process of storing info in the long-term memory
Sensory memory
retention, for brief periods of time, of the effects of sensory stimulation
Semantic coding
representing items in terms of their meaning
Working memory
a limited-capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of information for complex tasks such as comprehension, learning, and reasoning
Phonological Loop
1. phonological store holds info for only a few seconds
2. articulatory rehearsal process keeps items in phonological store from decaying
Visuospatial sketch pad
holds visual and spatial info
Central executive
attached to phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad
-pulls info from long-term memory and coordinates activity of PL and VSP by focusin on specific parts of a task and switching attention from one part to another
-helps divide attention between multiple tasks
Serial position curve
memory is better for words at beginning and end of list as opposed to the middle
Explicit/Declarative Memory
conscious memory
-consists of episodic and semantic
-contents can be described or reported
Episodic memory
memory for personal experiences
Semantic memory
stored knowledge and memory for facts
Implicit/Non-Declarative Memory
unconscious memory
-memories that are used without awareness
-contents cannot be reported
-priming, procedural memory, classical conditioning
Priming
change in response to a stimulus caused by the previous presentation of the same or a similar stimulus
Procedural memory
memory for doing things, skills
Maintenance rehearsal
helps maintain info in STM/WM, but is not an effective way of transferring info into LTM
Elaborative rehearsal
think about the meaning of an item or make connections between the item and something you know
Shallow processing
little attention to meaning; only physical features, maintenance rehearsal
Deep processing
close attention, giving meaning to item and relating it to something else
Self-reference effect
memory is better if you relate the object/word to yourself
Generation effect
generating material yourself enhances learning and retention
Retrieval cue
word or other stimulus that helps a person remember info stored in memory
Free recall
recall any stimuli
Cued recall
presented with retrieval cues to aid in recall of preciously experienced stimuli
Encoding specificity
we encode information along with its context
State-dependent learning
learning that is associated with a particular internal state, such as mood or state of awareness
Transfer-appropriate processing
memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval
Autobiographical memory
recollected events that belong to a person's past
Reminiscence bump
enhanced memory for adolescence and young adulthood found in people over 40
Flashbulb memory
person's memory for the circumstances surrounding hearing about shocking, highly charged events
Source monitoring
process of determining the origins of our memories, knowledge, or beliefs
Schema
person's knowledge about some aspect of the environment
Script
conception of the sequence of actions that usually occur during a particular experience