Psy 425 Exam 1 Set 2

Front 1

sources of evidence that expressions evolved to communicate emotion

Back 1

1. human face far more expressive than primate face
2.nonhuman primates vary in expressiveness depending on how visible their faces are to conspecifics
3. influenced by social cues

Front 2

problem with universality hypothesis

Back 2

basic emotions should be similarly expressed and identified regardless of

-culture
-whether holding positive or negative emotions
-whether others are present
-context where emotion is judged
-should be able to make highly recognizable expressions

Front 3

William James

Back 3

'feeling' is emotion

Front 4

common sense theory

Back 4

1. stimulus
2. perception
3. emotion
4. bodily arousal

Front 5

JJames Theory

Back 5

1. stimulus
2. perception
3. bodily arousal
4. emotion

Front 6

assumptions of james' arousal theory

Back 6

-emotional feelings result when individual becomes aware of physical response to emotion-provoking stimulus
-requires separate and distinct physical activity for each emotion

Front 7

3 types of bodily changes

Back 7

1.expressive behavior (facial expressions, laughing, smiling, posture, tears)

2.instrumental behavior (activity level, screaming, aggression, approach/avoidance, fleeing)

3. physiological changes (blood pressure, heart rate, adrenaline levels, perspiration, temp)

Front 8

cannon's criticisms

Back 8

-time course is wrong: sympathetic nervous system responding too slowly and shuts off too slowly

-sympathetic nervous system too undifferentiated

-experience of emotion starts before autonomic changes

-emotion and body responses not causally related

Front 9

cannon bards theory

Back 9

perception

then arousal and emotion simultaneously

Front 10

reasons James-Lange wrong according to cannon

Back 10

1. total separation of viscera from central nervous system doesnt alter emotional behavior

2. similar visceral changes occur in very different emotional states (even nonemotional states)

3. viscera are relatively insensitive structures

4. visceral changes too slow to be source of emotional experience

5. artificial induction of visceral changes doesnt produce emotions

Front 11

Ax

Back 11

scared participants to think will be shocked to death to induce fear

polygraph operator verbally abusive to participants to induce anger

physiological signatures were different on 7 of 14 measurements

fear and anger clearly differentiated

Front 12

Facial Feedback hypothesis

Back 12

Tomkins

facial expression triggers both physiological arousal and conscious feeling associated with emotion

can use emotional expression to self-regulate emotions

Front 13

spinal cord injuries

Back 13

Hohmann

reduced experience of emotions in quadriplegics over paraplegics

preservation of emotions involving face over body involving emotions

Front 14

Evidence against James lange

Back 14

Bell's palsy and Mobius syndrome
(feedback not necessary/sufficient to explain emotion)

paralyzed face muscles but no change in emotion intensity or emotion recognition

even if taken away, can still imagine/feel emotion