Psy 376: Perception

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

the process by which sensory receptor neurons detect information and transmit it to the brain

Front 2

Perception

Back 2

the interpretation of sensory input

Front 3

These people believe that the newborn is a "blank slate" and must acquire an understanding of the world through experience with sensory inputs. (They believe nurture drives the development of perception)

Back 3

Constructivists

Front 4

These people believe that each person is born with some innate understanding of how to interpret sensory information. (They believe the origin of perception is largely nature)

*Nativists believe that humans are born with all their perceptual functions ready to be used

Back 4

Nativists

Front 5

Habituation

Back 5

the process of learning to be bored (losing interest in a stimulus if is present repeatedly)

Front 6

Preferential Looking

Back 6

researchers can present an infant with two stimuli at the same time and measure the length of time the infant spends looking at each.

Front 7

How do researchers get an idea of how the brain responds to stimuli?

Back 7

measure its electrical activity with small metal disks attached to the skin's surface.

Front 8

Operant Conditioning

Back 8

humans will repeat a response that has a pleasant consequence

Front 9

Visual Acuity

Back 9

ability to perceive detail to
*to test visual acuity they use one of those charts with the E on the top and the letters getting smaller as it goes down like in the doctors office*

Front 10

An infant's visual acuity is 40 times worse than that of an adult.

Back 10

An infant's visual acuity is 40 times worse than that of an adult.

Front 11

Visual Accomodation

Back 11

the ability of the lense of the eye to bring objects at different distances into focus

Front 12

How long does it take before an infant cant see as well as an adult?

Back 12

6 months - 1 year

Front 13

What type of images are infants attracted to?

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1) images with a lot of light-dark transition and contour
2) images that are dynamic or contain movement (they will look longer at moving objects)
3) Moderately Complex Patterns (prefer a checkerboard pattern to a blank stimulus)

Front 14

Newborns preferred to look at human faces rather than pattern stimuli.

Back 14

Newborns preferred to look at human faces rather than pattern stimuli.

Front 15

Starting around 2 months infants no longer focus on some external boundary or countour instead they explore the ____________ thoroughly. For example looking at a person's facial features rather than just the chin

Back 15

interiors of figures

Front 16

Size Constancy

Back 16

being able to recognize that an object is the same size despite its change in distances from the eyes

Front 17

Visual Cliff

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(used to examine depth perception in infants) proved that infants of crawling age clearly percieve depth and are afraid of drop offs!

Front 18

Intuitive Theories

Back 18

developmentalists conclude that young infants come equipped with more than just a sense of the world, but organized systems of knowledge called intuitive theories

Front 19

Summarize the process of hearing.

Back 19

air molecules move into the ear and vibrate the eardrum

these vibrations are transmitted to the cochlea in the inner ear and are converted to signals that the brain interprets as sounds

Front 20

Can newborns hear better or see better?

Back 20

hear better

Front 21

Phonemes

Back 21

basic speech sounds like (ba and pa)

Front 22

Newborns can recognize their father's voices easier than their mother's voices.

Back 22

Newborns can recognize their father's voices easier than their mother's voices.

Front 23

olfaction

Back 23

smell

Front 24

Cross Modal perception

Back 24

to recognize through one sense an object familiar to another. (for example at children's parties where objects are in a bag and you must identify them by touch alone)

Front 25

sensitive periods

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a window of time during which an individual is more affected by experience and thus has a higher level of plasticity than at other time throughout life.

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cataracts

Back 26

a clouding of the lens that leaves infants nearly blind form birth if not corrected

Front 27

attention

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the focusing of perception and cognition on something in particular.

Front 28

selective attention

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deliberately concentration on one thing while ignoring something else is known as selective attention

Front 29

Between what two ages is their a significant increase in attention?

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3.5 and 4 years

Front 30

Why are older kids able to hold their attention for longer?

Back 30

due to an increase in myelination of the portions of the brain that help regulate attention

Front 31

What is the purpose of a myelin coating on neurons?

Back 31

it helps insulate them to speed up transmission of neural impulses.

Front 32

What is the most common output of noise exposure?

Back 32

tinnitus

Front 33

What is tinnitus?

Back 33

rining of the ears that can last for days, weeks, or indefinitely

Front 34

sensory threshold

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the threshold for a sense is the point at which low levels of stimulation can be detected. (a dim light can been, a faint tone can be heard, a aslight odor can be detected)

Front 35

dark adaptation

Back 35

the process in which the eyes adapt to darkness and become more sensitive to the low level of light available (occurs more slowly in older individuals that in younger ones)

Front 36

What does the thickening of the lens with age lead to?

Back 36

presbyopia

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Presbyopia

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a condition in which the lens of the eye loses its ability to focus, making it difficult to see objects up close.

Front 38

Sensory receptor cells in the retina may die or not function in later life as efficiently as they once did. What is this serious retinal problem called?

Back 38

age- related macular degeneration

Front 39

What causes age related macular degeneration?

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damge to cells in the retina responsible for central vision

Front 40

Retinitis pigmentosa

Back 40

a group of hereditary disorders that all involve gradual deterioration of the light senstive cells of the retina

Front 41

Glaucoma

Back 41

increased fluid presure in the eye can damage the optic nerve and can cause a progress loss of peripheral vision, ultimately blindness.

Front 42

Presbycusis

Back 42

a loss of sensitivity to high-frequency of high pitched sounds
remember that new ring tone that adults cant hear because it is so high pitched!
(for example an older person may have difficulty hearing a child's high voice or the flutes in an orchestra but may have less trouble with deep voices)

Front 43

Loss of hearing during the aging process is more commonly noted in men.

Back 43

Loss of hearing during the aging process is more commonly noted in men.

Front 44

Infants perceive meaningful face form by what age?

Back 44

3 months

Front 45

The process by which sensory receptor neurons detect and send information to the brain is called

Back 45

sensation