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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three basic arguments of darwings theory of evlolution
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1. There is genetic variation in a species
2. Some genes aid adaptation more than others do 3. good genes will be passed on, bad ones will become rarer |
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Genes
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made up of genes basic units of heredity
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Genotype
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genetic information
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Phenotype
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expression of genotype in physical or
behavioral characteristics |
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Zygote
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the cell that is the beginning of a human
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A _____ cell and an _______ each contribute 23 chromosomes to the the zygote to give it 46 chromosomes total
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sperm cell, ovum
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single-gene inheritance
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these traits are entirely controlled by one gene, with other genes and outside factors having very little influence.
*you have the trait or you dont have the trait...there is no inbetween |
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polygenetic expression
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influenced by multiple pairs of genes, interacting with environmental factors tather than by a single pair of genes.
examples of polygenic traits: height, weight,k intelligence, personality, susceptibility to cancer, depression |
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mutations
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a change in the structure or arrangement of one or more genes that produces a new phenotype
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Chromosomal Abnormalities
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receiving too many or two few chromosomes
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Sickle Cell Anemia
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a blood disease common among African Americans in which red blood cells take on a sickle shape
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Hemophelia
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a deficiency in the blood's ability to clot, and is far more common among males than females because it is a sex linked disorder associated wti ha recessive gene on the x chromosome
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Trisomy 21
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Downs Syndrome - Three, rather than two 2st chromosomes
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amniocentesis
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used to detect chromosome abnormalities like downs syndrome and determines whether the particular single gene pair disorders are present
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chorionic villus sampling,
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inserting a catheter into the movether's vagin and cervix into the chorion that surounds the fetus. They extract genetic material and test it for genetic defects
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maternal blood sampling
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cam yield fetal cells that slipped through the placenta into the motehr's blood that can be analyzed with no risk at all to the fetus
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preimplantation genetic diagnosis
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involves fetilizing a mother's eggs with a father's sperm in the laboratory using in vitro fertilization techniques.
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ultrasound
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use of sound waves to scan the womb to create a visual image of the fetus on a monitor screen
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selective breeding
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involves attempting to breed animals for a particular trait to determine whether the trait is heritable
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What % of genes do identical twins have in common?
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100%
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What % of genes do fraternal twins have in common?
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50%
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3 factprs to individual differenes in emotionality
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genes, shared environmental influence, non shared environmental influences
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What % of genes do parent and child have in common?
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50%
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What % of genes do siblings have in common?
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50%
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