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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Menarche
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The onset of menstruation
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Dysmenorrhea
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Menstrual pain; women with high levels of stress, heavier drinkers, and poor perceived health are more likely to experience
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Five sets of variables associated with PMS:
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Demand characteristic
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Clue/cue in the study that gives the participant a hint to what they study is researching and influences the person's response
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Illusory correlation
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The tendency for human beings to overestimate the co-occurrence of things that are actually independent
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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Having a belief or expectation can actually make that occur; women who expect to feel moody around the time of their period, will feel moody
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Menopause
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12 months w/out menstruation, typically occurs between 41-55 yrs; occurs over a number of years, along w less ovulatory cycles, less estrogen is produced
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Perimenopause
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The period before menopause during which irregular bleeding occurs; typically lasts from 2-8 yrs
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Hysterectomy
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Removal of the uterus
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Oophorectomy
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Removal of the ovaries, also known as surgical menopause. Women who experience this go through a rapid change of hormones
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Vasomotor symptoms
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A physical consequence of menopause that includes hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal changes
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Luteal Phase
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The phase from ovulation to menstruation (the premenstrual portion); where PMS occurs
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Follicular Phase
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The phase from menstruation to ovulation
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Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
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No clear definition, cause, or treatment. No evidence that it exists
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PMDD
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Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
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Retrospective studies
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Asking participant to reflect on past feelings during an experience
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Self-Reinforcing (in terms of PMS)
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To use PMS as reason for stress, anxiety, depression, etc.
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Treatments for PMS (7 listed)
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Planned Parenthood
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Organization to help improve women's health and safety, offers contraceptives and non-surgical abortions, as well as screening tests. They also provide adoption services for unplanned pregnancies
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Hormonal methods
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These methods work by secreting either a combination of hormones (progesterone and estrogen) or only progesterone in order to prevent ovulation
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Non-hormonal methods
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Cilia
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Little hairs on the Fallopian tubes
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Midwife
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A person qualified to deliver babies and to care for women before, during, and after childbirth
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Epidural
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A form of anesthesia that is usually given to relieve pain during child labor, it works by blocking the signal transmission of nerves hear the spine
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Afterbirth
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Consists of the placenta and fetal membranes discharged from the uterus following birth
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Induced labor
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Labor that is stimulated if it hasn't already occurred naturally
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Cesarean delivery (C-Section)
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Surgical delivery
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Breach
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When a baby is positioned feet first instead of head first; c-section is often recommended if you can't turn the baby
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NSVD
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Natural Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery
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A misconception regarding types of delivery is that...
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A C-section is easier/better than a vaginal delivery
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V-BAC
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Vaginal birth after cesarean
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Obstetricians
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Highest rate of lawsuits against for malpractice
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Abortion
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The termination of a pregnancy by the removal or expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus
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Parental Consent Laws
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Parent(s) have to be notified and give permission for minor to have an abortion
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Parental notification
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One or both parents must be informed before an abortion is performed on a minor but cannot veto the minor's decision
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Volition
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Degree to which someone makes a decision voluntarily
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The Prague Study
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Macro-nutrients (3 types)
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Protein, carbohydrates, and fats. Foods like vegetables, breads/starches, meat, yogurt/milk; doesn't include fruit, oil
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Bull's Eye Food Guide
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Color-coordinated guide for healthy eating:
- Green areas = healthy food - Yellow areas = not as healthy but okay - Red areas = avoid eating |
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Bogalusa Heart Study
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Longitudinal study which examined obesity of children in a mixed Black/White population and demonstrated that young children who were obese showed risk factors for heart disease at a young age
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Abdominal fat
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Fat surrounding the belly which has the highest chance of obesity and release hormones that interact with the heart and pancreas
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Visceral fat
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Fat in the abdominal wall, that is readily available as an energy source
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Cryptogenic cirrhosis
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The presence of fat in livers, making it stiff and occurs for reasons unbeknownst to scientists and doctors
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Sedentary
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Being inactive, little exercise
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Cardiovascular training
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Training that enhances how the body transports oxygen in the body
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Resistance training
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Improves strength, increase in: muscle mass, bone density, and resting metabolic rate
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VO2
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Volume of oxygen consumed
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Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
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The amount of calories the body burns when resting, depends on the amount of lean muscle mass one has
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Power
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Ability to work hard for a relatively short period
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Work
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Activities that offer modest benefits, ex. walking
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Toning and Spot Reducing
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Typical exercise programs offered to women
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Tubal Ligation
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Getting "tubes tied;" surgical procedure when a women gets her Fallopian tubes cut, tied, or blocked. Seen in women over 34, been married previously, less than HS education, poor
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Female Genital Mutilation
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The surgical removal of parts of the external female genitalia
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Lamaze method
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Pre-labor classes that teach the mother to control her pain that occurs while giving birth through a variety of relaxation exercises and methods
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Maternity blues
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Mood state characterized by crying, anxiety, and irritability that begins 3-4 days after childbirth and lasts 2-4 days
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Postpartum Depression (PPD)
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Severe feelings of depression that last for weeks or for months after delivery
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Menopause
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Cessation of menstrual periods for a full year normally between the ages of 44-55 yrs
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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
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A medical treatment that replaces hormones whose levels drop after menopause
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CBD
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Childbearing depression
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Prevalence (Depression)
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Refers to total number cases of depression identified in the postpartum period regardless of when the episodes started
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Incidence (Depression)
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Refer to cases of depression that began only after delivery
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Attachment Theory
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Proposes that both ones sense of self and ones beliefs about the availability and emotional responsiveness of others are determined by the quality of key relationships
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Attachment Insecurity (2 forms)
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2. Fearful Attachment: want to be close to their partners, but fear they will be rejected . Resolve to maintaining emotional distance in close relationships |
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Dismissing individuals
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Thought to protect their self-esteem from the damaging effects of rejection by denying that attachment needs are important
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Behavioral contraception
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A woman monitors the timing of her menses, the quality of her cervical mucus, and her basal body temperature in order to estimate the timing of her ovulation. During these days of peak fertility, she would avoid sexual intercourse
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Coitus interruputus
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Another term for the behavioral method of withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation
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Dual methods
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One is used for sexual protection, the other is used primarily for disease prevention
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Immunocontraceptives
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Antigens that would stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies that could interrupt the reproductive process
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Fetal programming
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The concept that exposure to stress during a woman's pregnancy can affect her offspring's health over their lifespan
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Pregnancy specific stress
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Stress related emotions associated with being pregnant
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Randall Terry
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Founder of militant anti-choice group Operation Rescue; believes his message is not about abortion, but about "control"
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Hyde amendment
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Restricted federal funding for abortions
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Starvation diet
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Refers to 900 calories per day
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"Lookism"
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Society's tendency to judge women based on their appearance; very plain women and beautiful women suffer from this
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Suction lipectomy
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A procedure that suctions the fat cells out of areas that include the stomach, buttock, and thighs
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Gastric bypass...
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Shunts most food directly to the colon before absorption occurs
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Stomach stapling...
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Renders most of the stomach useless and reduces its holding capacity to a few ounces
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Health halo
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Any food with a healthful identifier makes people think the calories are lower, even if it has noting to do with calories
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Trigger foods
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The first food you see influences what you end up taking to eat even if you do not take the first food
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Food radius
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80% of the food we purchase/eat is an average of 3 miles away from where we live
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"Sandwich generation"
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Refers to women that have to take care of young and elderly family members. This has an effect on women's exercise because of lack of free time
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Barriers to physical activity
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Things that prevent a person from engaging in physical activity. This includes limited time constraints, health problems, cost, lack of support, etc.
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Self-efficacy
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Confidence in one's ability to successfully perform a specific behavior such as physical activity
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Strength training
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Occasional, short, and high intensity. Weight needs to be high enough to challenge the muscles, should be only able to do seven repetitions
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Interval training
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Effective way to exercise involves several cycles of short bursts of high intensity and longer periods of low intensity training
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Three Key Elements to Getting and Staying Strong, Lean:
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1. Muscular strength (the most difficult)
2. Aerobic exercise 3. Steady eating habits with low fat foods |
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
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Symptoms include but are not limited to abdominal pain, altered bowel movements, and abdominal bloating; have higher rates of mental disorders compared to physically healthy women or women with other GI disorders
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Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
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Characterized by extra male hormones, lack of periods, and can lead to infertility, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease
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Osteofit
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An exercise program that improves strength by incorporating weights and elastic bands along with balance activities to help patients with osteoporosis
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Cavity (caries)
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Tooth decay, caused by sugars that turn to acid and wear away the enamel in teeth
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Gum disease (gingivitis)
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Causes by plaque/tartar on the teeth that deteriorates gums
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Periodontitis
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Advanced form of gingivitis, deteriorates gums, and loosens teeth; needs to be treated by a dentist
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Personal barriers (oral hygiene)
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Demographic factors that prevent getting dental care easily
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Environmental barriers (oral hygiene)
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Social factors that prevent getting dental care easily
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