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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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top down approach |
begin with a theory, typically one that ignores culture. Incorporates cultural elements to broaden it theoretical domains (searching for universal truths) |
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bottom up approach |
begin with a phenomena in the study of culture and apply it cross-culturally to test theories of human behavior |
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top down approach begins with what? |
theory |
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bottom up approach begins with what? |
phenomena |
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Etic |
Main stream psychology: culture and ethnicity are really not addressed in theories, practices, or research |
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Emic |
Ethnic Psychology: fail to identify the specific aspects of culture and related variables taht are thought to influence behavior |
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Problem with emic |
fails to identify what about culture matters... (theories, practice, research) |
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Problem with etic |
historically culture, ethnicity, and race haven't been addressed |
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The 2 problems in mainstream psychology (etic) and Ethnic psychology (emic) lead to what solution? |
top down and bottom up approach |
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at best race is a .... |
biological variable that distinguishes between groups based on heredity (facial features, hair type, skin color) |
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Historically race has been used as a political category that has .... |
* misused * led to controversy * responsible for the history of 'destructive' group comparisons (Okazaki and Sue, 1995) |
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(Okazaki and Sue, 1995) |
'destructive' group comparisons |
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within group or between group differences can be more |
there can be more within group differences than between group differences (white can be Irish, Scottish, English etc.) |
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minority |
refers to groups that lack power and access to society's resources resulting from discrimination and subjugation by the dominant society |
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dominant group |
members are advantaged socially, politically, and economically within society. |
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privelge |
the unfair advantages and benefits afforded people who hold a dominant position within a social stratification system. |
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Culture is |
dynamic and multidimensional |
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Phinney Model: 3 aspects of ethnicity |
* Culture * Ethnic Identity * Ethnic Minority Status |
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Culture
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behaviors, attitudes, norms and values |
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Ethnic Identity
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meaning of group membership, salience, strength |
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Ethnic Minority Status |
attitudes and experiences associated with group membership |
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proximal variables |
(closer to outcome) attitudes and beliefs |
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Distal variables |
Ethnicity in addition to other demographic variables i.e. gender, religion, ses.
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proxy variables |
are considered distal variables: Ethnicity in addition to other demographic variables i.e. gender, religion, ses. |
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Ethnicity (phinney, 1996) |
Multidimensional construct
* A social groups distinct sense of belongingness as a result of common culture and decent * shared social cultural heritage among members of a group * Common nationality, culture, and/or language
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