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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Locke
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human infant is a "tabula rasa" or a blank slate
claimed that experience molds the infant, child, adolescent and adult into a unique individual |
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John Jacques Rousseau
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newborns are endowed with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as children grow
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Baby Biographies
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detailed, systematic observations of individual children, often by famous scientists, that helped to pave the way for objective research on children
Charles Darwin |
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Alfred Binet
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devised the first mental tests
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Sigmund Freud
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experiences of early childhood seemed to account for patterns of behavior in adulthood
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John Watson
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behaviorism; importance of reward and punishment for child-rearing practices
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Theory
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provide explanations for development and hypotheses for research
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Maturational Theory
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child development reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan with the body (predetermined)
proposed by Arnold Gesell |
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Ethological Theory
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development happens from an evolutionary perspective
proposed by Konrad Lorenz imprinting and critical period |
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Imprinting
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learning that occurs during a critical period soon after birth or hatching, as demonstrated by chis creating an emotional bond with the first moving object they see
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Critical Period
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a time in development when a specific type of learning can take place; before or after the critical period, the same learning is difficult or even possible
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Psychodynamic Theory
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proposed by Sigmund Freud
part of Psychodynamic Perspective development is largely determined by how well people resolve conflicits they face at different ages |
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Psychosocial Theory
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proposed by Erik Erikson
part of Psychodynamic Perspective development consists of a sequence of stages, each defined by a unique crisis or challenge |
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Operant Conditioning
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proposed by B.F. Skinner
part of the Learning Perspective the consequences of a behavior determine whether a behavior is repeated in the future reinforcement: a consequence that decreases the future likelihood of the behavior that it follows punishment: a consequence that decrease hte future likelihood of the behavior that it follows |
