Psy 223 Test 1

Front 1

What is social psychology?

Back 1

The science of how individuals think, feel, and behave in regards to other people

Front 2

Differences between social psychology and sociology?

Back 2

Social psychology tends to focus more on the individual, sociology on the group. Social psychology emphasizes experiments.

Front 3

Differences between social psychology and personality psychology?

Back 3

Personality focuses on private internal fucntioning, and individual differences. Social psychology emphasizes similarities in how ppl respond

Front 4

Hindsight Bias?

Back 4

Events seem more obvious in hindsight than beforehand.
(results are obvious after you are told the outcome)

Front 5

Descriptive Research includes 3 types:

Back 5

observational studies (observing what people do), archival: examining records of past events, and surveys: asking ppl qustions

Front 6

What is necessary for a survey representative?

Back 6

Random Sampling/random sample.

Front 7

Advantages of using a survey?

Back 7

Asks questions about important, real world problems.

Front 8

Four limitations of surveys?

Back 8

-Biased wording
-People cannot predict own behavior
-Socially desirable responses
-Correlational data is obtained

Front 9

what is Correlational research? and its limitation?

Back 9

study of naturally occurring relations among variables. Correlation does not indicate direction of causality .

Front 10

Because surveys do not tell direction of causality, we do ________s.

Back 10

experiments.

Front 11

Four steps of experimental research:

Back 11

1) Participants randomly assigned to different conditions
2)Experimenter manipulates independent variable
3)Experimenter holds other variables constant
4) particip. responses are measured(dep variable)

Front 12

Confounds are?

Back 12

Uncontrolled variables

Front 13

Within subjects design?

Back 13

same subjects in both conditions *see both violent and non-violent films at diff. periods of time*

Front 14

Why do experiments tell us the direction of causality?

Back 14

1) timing-participants exposed to independent variable before dependent variable
2) control, including random assignment

Front 15

Institutional Review Boards

Back 15

ensure welfare of participants

Front 16

Two Ethical Issues in Experiments:

Back 16

1) Deception
2) Unpleasant revelations (may learn unpleasant things about self)

Front 17

Ways to minimize dangers of experiments?

Back 17

1) Informed consent
2) Debriefing (leave with positive attitude)
3) Confidentiality of the data

Front 18

When did social psychology originate?

Back 18

late 19th/early 20th century

Front 19

Father of social psychology?

Back 19

Norman Triplett

Front 20

Interactionist Perspective?

Back 20

-Lewin. Behvaior is a function of the interaction between teh person and the environment

Front 21

What was Milgram's research about?

Back 21

Individuals' vulnerability to the destructive commands of authority (most famous research) Nazis

Front 22

60s-70s?

Back 22

Period of expansion and dlksfjla;sfj .

Front 23

What is pluralistic?

Back 23

range of research techniques needed

Front 24

Social cognition?

Back 24

study of how we perceive, remember, and interpret info about ourselves and others.

Front 25

Social neuroscience?

Back 25

study of relationship between neural and social processes.

Front 26

Behavioral genetics?

Back 26

subfield of psychology that examines the effects of genes on behavior

Front 27

Cross-cultural research?

Back 27

examine similarities and differences across cultures

Front 28

Basic research

Back 28

seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior

Front 29

Applied research

Back 29

seeks to enlarge our understanding of naturally occurring events/to find solutions

Front 30

Interrater Reliability?

Back 30

degree to which diff observers agree on their observations

Front 31

In correlational research are variables manipulated by the researcher?

Back 31

no.

Front 32

Subject variables?

Back 32

variable that characterize pre-existing differences among people in the study (gender, ethnicity)

Front 33

Internal validity

Back 33

extent to which causal

Front 34

External validity

Back 34

obtained same results for other people

Front 35

What is internal validity?

Back 35

the degree to which there can be certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables

Front 36

What is experimental realism?

Back 36

the degree to which procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously

Front 37

What is mundane realism?

Back 37

The degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events that exist in the real world

Front 38

What is meta-analysis?

Back 38

A set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure overall reliabilty and strength of particular effects.

Front 39

What is Experimenter expectancy effects?

Back 39

experimenters expectations are projected and change results of the subjects

Front 40

What is external validity?

Back 40

Degree to which same results would be obtained by other ppl in other situations

Front 41

What is construct validity?

Back 41

Extent to which measures in a study measure the variables they were designed to measure /manipulate whwat they are supposed to manipulate.

Front 42

Bogus pipeline technique?

Back 42

Participants are falsely led to believe that their responses will be verified by an infallible lie detector