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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEVELOPMENT
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changes over time in physical structure, thought, or behavior of a person - result of both biological and environmental influences
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DEVELOPMENTAL PSHYCHOLOGIST
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psychologists whose primary interests focus on the study of developmental processes and events
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DEVELOPMENTAL PERIOD (or stage)
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discreet period of the lifespan during which predictable changes occure
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CHRONOLGOICAL
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arranged according to age
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BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
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genetic, neurological, or physical conditions that affect the development of an individual
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ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
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specific situations that an individual experiences and that influence behavior and development
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SOCIAL CONTEXT
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general features of the society in which an individual resides -
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MATURATION
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developmental changes that are linked closely to biological events
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LEARNING
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developmental changes that are dependent on a person's interactions with the environment
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CONTEXT
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particular setting or situation in which development occurs; the "backdrop" for development
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COLLECTIVIST CULTURE
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culture where the group takes precedence over the individual. Cooperation/group achievement over competition/individual achievement.
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SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT
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a broad context that includes both social and cultural influences
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INDIVIDUALIST CULTURE
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CULTURE WHEN COMPETITION PREDOMINATES OVER COOPERATION AND PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT IS TYPICALLY VALUED MORE HIGHLY THAN GROUP ACHIEVEMENT. INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM AND CHOICE RECEIVE STRONGE EMPHASIS
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physical domain
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aspects of development that involve changes in physical shape and size, as well as changes in brain structure, sensory capabilities, and motor skills
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cognitive domain
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development that involve the acquisition of skills in perceiving, thinking , and reasoning, and problem solving as well as the intricate development and use of language
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personality domain
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development that invovle acquiring relatively stable an denduring traits, as well as a sense of self as an individual
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sociocultural domain
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development comprised of socialization and enculturation
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socialization
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teachings by parents and others about how to fit in and function in society
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enculturation
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learning about culture by observing and absorbing rather than being taught
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theroy
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organized, coherent set of ideas that helps us to understand, to explain, and to make predictions
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4 theory types to understand development
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biologically based theories
psycho dynamic theories behavioral theories cognitive theories |
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data
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results from a scientific investigation
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evolution
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process through which species change across generations - darwinism (1809-1882
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natural selection
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theory originated by Darwin of survival of the fittest, where better adapted individuals survive to reproduce, thereby transferring their genes to their offspring and into future generations
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ethology
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study of patterns of animal behavior, especially behavior that is guided by instinct
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evolutionary psychology
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study of inherited psychological characteristics that combine an evolutionary approach with research in cognitive psychology
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human genome
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entire arrangement of all human genes
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developmental neuroscience
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study of the development of brain structures and the relationship between brain structures and functions and behavior and development
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Erik Erikson
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neo-freudian - termed psychosocial theory. emphasized ego forces and the influence of social interactions on development. believed development occurs throughout the lifespan
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Sigmund Freud
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psychodynamic approach - emphasize role of unconscious mind and interactions of three psychic processes - the id, ego, and superego.
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Freud's 5 psychosexual stages
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believed the adult personality was heavily influenced by events that occurred in childhood
oral - birth to 18 mo anal - 18 mo to 3 yrs phallic- 3 yrs to 6 yrs latency- 6 yrs to 12 yr genital - 12 yr and up |
