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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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presobyopia |
nearly universal change in eyesight during middle adulthood that results in some loss of near vision |
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presbycusis |
loss of the ability to hear sounds of high frequency |
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advantage of exercise (5 aspects) |
-muscle system (strength, stamina) -nervous system (slower decline in processing CNS impulses) -circulatory system (decreased risk of HBP, stroke) -skeletal system (decreased risk of fractures, osteoporosis) -psychological benefits (reduces stress, feelings of well-being) |
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Pros of HP (hormone therapy) |
-reduces hot flashes -reduces losses of skin elasticity -reduce coronary heart disease -decreases osteoporosis -reduced risks of strokes and colon cancer -greater sex drive |
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Cons of HP |
-increase risk of breast cancer -increase risk of blood clots -stroke -heart disease |
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male climacteric |
period of physcial and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system that occurs during late middle age -enlarged prostate gland, erectile disfunction |
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3 major consequences of stress |
-direct physiological effects -harmful behaviors -indirect health-related behaviors |
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Type A behavior pattern |
characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and tendency toward frustration and hostility
-these people are extremely ambitious and engage in "polyphastic activities" |
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Type B behavior pattern |
characterized by noncompetitiveness, patience, and a lack of aggression -experience little sense of time urgency, rarely hostile |
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Why are Type A and Type B behavior significant? |
the distinction is related to the risk of coronary heart disease -Type A men have 2X the rate of coronary heart disease, greater number of fatal heart attacks, and 5X heart problems as Type B men |
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fluid intelligence |
reflects info processing capabilities, reasoning and memory |
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crystalized intelligence |
the accumulation of info, skills and strategies that people have learned thru experience and that they can apply in problem-solving situations |
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selective optimization with compensation |
the process by which people concentrate on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas |
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experise |
the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area |
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schemas |
-organized bodies of info stored in memory; -represent the way in which the world is organized -allows people to categorize and interpret new info -can convey cultural info |
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mnemonics: |
formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered |
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effective strategies for remembering (4) |
-get organized (planner, notes) -pay attention -visualize (mental images of ideas) -rehearse |
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normative-crisis models |
-the approach to personality development that is based on fairly universal stages tied to a sequence of age-related crises -ex. Erikson's psychosocial theory predicts that people move thru a series of stages and crises thru-out their life span |
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Critics of normative-crisis models |
-suggest that they may be outmoded -today, there is considerable variety in both the roles and timing -some people marry and have children at 40, many never get married, or do and skip the kids part |
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life events models |
-approach to personality development that is based on the timing of particular events in an adult's life rather than on age -ex. a woman who has her first child at 21 may experience similar psychological forces as a woman who has her first child at age 39 |
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generativity-versus-stagnation |
according to Erikson, the stage during middle adulthood in which people consider their contributions to family and society -a lack of psychological growth in this period results in stagnation |
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midlife crisis |
-According to Levinson, a stage of uncertainty and indecision brought about by the realization that life in finite -research suggests that most people pass into middle age with relative ease, w/ majority of people seeing it as a rewarding period |
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Phases of marital satisfaction |
-follows the U-shaped configuration -begins to decline just after the marriage, falling until it reaches its lowest point following the births of the couple's children -at that point, satisfaction begins to grow, eventually returning to the same level as before the marriage |
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empty nest syndrome |
the experience that relates to parents' feelings of unhappiness, worry, loneliness, and depression resulting from their children's departure from home |
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boomerang children |
young adults who return, after leaving home for some period, to live in the homes of their middle-aged parents |
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3 stages of spousal abuse |
1. tension-building stage 2. acute battering incident 3. loving contrition stage |
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tension-building stage: |
-first stage in spousal abuse -batterer becomes upset and shows dissatisfaction thru verbal abuse -wife may try to avoid the violence, attempt to calm her spouse or withdraw from situation |
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acute battering incident stage: |
-second stage in spousal abuse -physical abuse lasting for minutes - hours -includes agressive sexual acts and rape |
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loving contrition stage: |
-third stage in spousal abuse
-husband feels remorse and apologizes for his actions -wives may feel they are partly at fault and accept the apology, believing the violence won't occur again -keeps the cycle going |
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cycle of violence hypothesis |
theory that the abuse and neglect that children suffer predispose them as adults to abuse and neglect their own children |
