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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pyschology
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Ths scientific study of human and animal behavior
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Overt behavior
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An action or responce that is directly observable
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Covert behavior
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A Response that is internal or hidden from view
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Empiracal evidence
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Facts or information based on direct observation or experience
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Data
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Observed facts or evidence (data: plural, Datum singular)
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Scientific Observation
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An empirical investigation that is structured to answer questions about the world
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Reasearch mentod
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A systematic approach to answering scientific questions
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Developmental Psychologist
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A psychologist interested in human growth and development from birht until death
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Learning theorist
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Psychologist intersted in variables affecting learning and in theories of learning
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Personaltiey theorist
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A psychologist who studies personality traits, dynamics, and theories
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Sensation and Perception psychologist
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a psychologist who studies the sense organs and the process of perception
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Comparative psychologist
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A psychologist primarily interested in studying and comparing the behavior of different species, especially animals.
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Biopsychologist
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A psychologist who studies the ways in whic culture affects human behavior
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Animal model
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An animal in resarch whose behavior is used to discover princples that may appyly to human behavior
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Description
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The process of naming and classifying in scientific research
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Understanding
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achieved when the causes of a behavior can be stated
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Prediction
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And abiltiy to accurately forecast behavior
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Control
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Altering conditions that ingluence behavior
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Stimulus
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Any physical energy that has some effect on an organism and that evokes a response
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Introspection
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To look within; to examine onew's own thoughts, feelings, or sensations
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Structuralism
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Te school of thought concered with analyzing sensations and personal experience into basic elements
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Functionalism
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School of psychology concerned with how behavior and mental abilities help people adapt to ehier environments
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Natural selection
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Darwin's theory that evolution favors those plants and animals best suited to thier living conditions
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Behaviorism
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School of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior
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Response
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Any muscular action, glandular actibity, or other inedtifiable aspect of behavior
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Conditioned response
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A reflex response that has become associated witha a new stimulus
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Cognitive behaviorism
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An approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition (perception thinking, anticipation) to explain behavior
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Gestalt psychology
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A school of psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning and perception in whle units, not by analysis into parts
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Unconscious
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Contents of the mind that are beyod awareness , expecially impulses and desires not directly known to a person
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Repression
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The unconscious process by which memories, thoughts, or impulses are held out of awareness
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Psychoanalysis
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A Freudian approach tho psycholotherapy emphasizing the exploration of unconscious conflicts
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Psychodynamic theory
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Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscous forces
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Humanism
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An approach to pshchology that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials, and ideals
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Determimism
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The idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain one's choices and actions if all such causes were known
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Free will
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The idea that human beings are capable of freely making choices or decisions
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Self Image
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Total subjective perception of oneself
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Self-evaluation
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Positive and negative feeling held toward oneself
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Frame of reference
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A mental perspective used for judging and evaluationge events
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Self-actualization
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The proces of fully developing one's personal potential
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Cognitive psychology
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The area of psychology concerned with human thinking and information processing
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Culturalrelativity
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The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the valuse of the culture in whichin occurs
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Norms
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Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of a group
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Psychologist
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A person highly trined in the methods, factual knowledge, and theories of psychology
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Clinical psychologist
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A psychologist who specializes in the tratment of psychological and behavioral distrubances or who does research on such dsturbances
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Counseling psychologist
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A psychologist whe specializes in the treatmentof milder emotinal and behavioral disturbances
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Scientist-practitioner model
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A view which ohlds that clinical psychologists should be skilled both as scientist and as thereapist
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Psychiatrist
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A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders
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Psychoanalyst
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A mental health professional (usually a medical doctor trained to practice psychoanalysis
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Counselor
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A mental health professional who specializes in helping people with problems not involving serious mental disorder (marriage, divorce, school, career)
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Psychiatic social worker
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A mental health professional trained to apply social science principles to help patients in clinics and hospitals
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Basic research
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Scientific study undertaken without concern for immediate practical application
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Applied research
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Scientific study undertaken to solve immediate practical problems
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Observation
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Gathering data directly by recording facts or events
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Scientific method
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testing the truth of a proposition by careful measurement and controlled observation
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Hypothesis
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The predicted outcome of an experiment or an educated guess about the relationships between variables
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Operational definition
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Defining a scientific concept by stating the specific actions or procedures used to measure it. (ex. hunger= number of hours of deprivation)
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Theory
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A system of ideas designed to interrelate concepts and facts in a way that summarizes existing datat and predicts future observation
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Naturalistic observation
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Observing behavior as it unfolds in natural settings
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Correlational method
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Making measurements to discover relationsips between events
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Expreimental methods
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investigating behavior through controlled experimentation
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Clinicla method
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Studyig psychological problesm and therapies in clinical settings
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Survey method
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Using questionnaires and sureys to poll large groups of people
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Natural setting
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The environment in which an organism typically lives
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Observer effect
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Changes in behavior brought about by an awareness of being observed
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Observer bias
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Te tendency of an observer to distort observations or perception to match his or her expectations
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