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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hermann von Helmoltz
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established speed of nerve impulses
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B.F. Skinner
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did not believe in free will
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Pierre Flourens & Paul Broca
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connection between mind and brain
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Wilhelm Wundt
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made psych sep. science; analyzed consciousness; introspection
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Plato
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nativism
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nativism
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knowledge is inborn
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aristotle
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"tabula rasa"
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"tabula rasa"
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knowledge acquired through experience
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Dorthea Dix
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showed people mental illness wasnt all incurable; reformer for treatment of mentally ill
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Descartes
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mind and body are separate entities
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Hobbes
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mind and body arent different
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structuralism
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experience can be analyzed by breaking down basic elements of human experience; introspection
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functionalism
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why mind worked how it did; focus on process
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phrenology
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mental abillities, characteristics related to specific areas of brain
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behaviorism (john watson)
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all behaviors are acquired through conditioning
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freud
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focused on childhood experiences and impact on later life
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humanistic psychology
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emphasized positive potential of individuals; need to grow and strive to full potential; emphasizes free will
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cognitive (Gestalt) psychology
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whole is greater than its parts; perceive objects/events as a whole
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Evolutionary Psychology
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attempt to understand evolution, adaptive problems the mind solved in past
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social psychology
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studies causes and consequences of interpersonal behavior
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Asch
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mental chemistry and obedience
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Allport
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stereotyping, prejudice, and racism as perceptual errors
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cultural psychology
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how cultures rflect and shape the psychological processes of their members
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absolutism
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culture makes little diff. on psychology
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relativism
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psychological phenomena are likely to vary considerably across cultures
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developmental psychology
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effects of aging on behavior
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scientific method
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OPTIC: Observe, Predict, Test, Interpret, Communicate
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Operational Definition
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description of behavior/variable want to measure; clear observable terms
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Validity
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measures what we want to measure; conceptually related
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reliability
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trustworthiness; measure produces same measurement
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Power
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ability to detect specific features of the operational definition
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behavioral measurements
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systematic observations of one’s natural or contrived setting
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naturalistic observations
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done in real world; non-obtrusive; usually non-human subject; cant control variables
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self-report measures
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written or oral accounts of thoughts, feelings or actions
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physiological measures
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bodily responses; direct and sensitive to change
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multiple measures
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measure several aspects of a phenomenon; combines strengths of each and eliminates weaknesses of each
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reliability (agreement)
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smaller # / larger # *100 = % agreement
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