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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define social psychology.
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the scientific study of how we think about, influence, & relate to one another.
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Explain attributional style.
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This refers to how people explain the events of their lives.
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What does an attributioanl style lead to?
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There are three facets of how people can explain a situation that can lean toward optimism or pessimism:
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Explain attribution.
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How you explain behavior.
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Contrast external & internal attribution.
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Internal=behavior due to personal factors.
External=behavior based on situational factors. |
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Explain Heider's fundamental attributional error.
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We overestimate the influence of personality & underestimate the influence of situations.
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Define attitude.
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Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people & events.
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Explain the functions of attitude.
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(1) the adjustments function, (2) the ego defensive function, (3) the value expressive function (4) the knowledge function.
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Explain 'foot in the door' phenomenon.
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The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
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What is a 'role?'
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A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
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What is a 'norm?'
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An understood rule for accepted & expected behavior. Norms prescribe 'proper' behavior.
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Explain cognitive dissonance. |
Discomfort when there are two ideas in a person's head.
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Define conformity. |
Complying with a social pressure. |
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Explain Asch's findings on conformity. |
Participants in past studies often changed their differing opinions to those of the majorities, when confronted with opposing views.
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What increases confromity? |
Majority Rule. |
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What is normative social influence? |
Conforming to avoid social rejection or to gain approval. |
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What is informative social influence? |
Acceptance of other's opinions about reality. |
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Explain Milgram's classic research on obedience. |
Milgram's research showed how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person.
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What was the surprise of Milgram's experiment? |
65 percent of volunteers had repeatedly administered increasing electric shocks to a man they believed to be in severe pain.
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Social facilitation is defined as.. |
...improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. |
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When do we usually perform best? |
Expert = high arousal; Poor @ something = low arousal. |
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What is social loafing? |
Doing less while in a crowd. |
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How can social loafing be reduced? |
Spotlight who the loafer is. |
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What is deindividualization? |
The process of losing self-awareness & self-restraint. |
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What increases deindividualization? |
Occurs when group participation makes people aroused & anonymus.
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