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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Defeniton of scientific method |
testing our ideas about the world. self-correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answers |
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process of sceintific method |
1) theories 2)Hypotheses 3)Research and observation ex: theory-sleep boosts memory, hyptheses-when sleep deprived, people remeber less from the day before, research and observations-give study material before (a) ample night sleep or (b) a shortend nights sleep and then test memory |
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definiton of theory |
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events |
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defintion of hypotheisis |
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
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operational definiton |
statement used to define and measure research variables.
ex: hunger might be defined as hours without eating
genoristy defined as money contrituted |
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case study |
an observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
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Population |
all those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. |
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Random Sample |
a smaller portion from a larger population is randomly selected to represent the entire group as a whole |
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Naturalistic observation |
gathering data in a naturally occurring situation without trying to manipulate and control the situation |
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Correlational research |
To detect |
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Experimental research |
used to isolate cause and effect.
investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. create an experimental group where one group is exposed to treatment and one is not |
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control group |
in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment. |
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independent variable |
the experimental factor that is manipulated. The variable whose effect is being studied.
ex:If we test the ADHD/sugar hypothesis: Sugar = Cause = Independent Variable ADHD = Effect = Dependent Variable |
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dependent variable |
the outcome factor. the variable that may change in respnose to the manipulations of the independent variable.
Sugar = Cause = Independent Variable ADHD = Effect = Dependent Variable |
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Research methods
descriptive |
to observe and record behavior. conducted by naturalstic observations or surveys .weakness is no control of variables, and single cases can be misleading |
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how is correational research conducted and its weaknesses |
conducted by collecting data on two or more variables. its weakness is it does not specify cause and affect |
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how is experimental research weak |
results my not generalize other contexts not and its not ethical to manipulate certain variables |
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Scientific definiton of correlation |
a measure of how |
