Psy 110 Test 1 Chapter 2

Front 1

Neuron

Back 1

A cell that receives signals from other neurons or sense organs, processes these signals, and sends the signals to other neurons, muscles, or organs

the basic unit of the nervous system

Front 2

sensory neuron

Back 2

a neuron that responds to input from sense organs

Front 3

motor neuron

Back 3

a neuron that sends signals to muscles to control movement

Front 4

inter neuron

Back 4

a neuron that is connected to other neurons, not to sense organs or muscles

Front 5

axon

Back 5

the sending end of the neuron, the long cable like structure extending from the cell body

Front 6

glial cells

Back 6

a type of cell that surrounds neurons, influences the communication among neurons, and generally helps in the "care and feeding" of neurons

Front 7

terminal button

Back 7

A structure at the end of a branch of an axon that, when the neuron is triggered, releases chemicals into the space between neurons

Front 8

dendrite

Back 8

the treelike part of a neuron that receives messages from the axons of other neurons

Front 9

resting potential

Back 9

the negative charge within a neuron when it is at rest

Front 10

action potential

Back 10

the shifting change in charge that moves down the axon

Front 11

myelin

Back 11

a fatty substance that helps impulses travel down the axon more efficiently

Front 12

synapse

Back 12

the place where an axon of one neuron can send signals to the membrane (on a dendrite or cell body) of another neuron

Front 13

neurotransmitter

Back 13

a chemical that carries a signal from the terminal button on one neuron to the dendrite or cell body of another

Front 14

acetylcholine

Back 14

muscle control
memory

too much - seizures
too little - paralysis

Front 15

dopamine

Back 15

movement, perception

too much - hallucinations
too little - shaking (Parkinson's)

Front 16

serotonin

Back 16

involved in sleep, moods, emotional states

too little - no energy

Front 17

peripheral nervous system

Back 17

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

Front 18

autonomic nervous system

Back 18

involuntary
two parts
- sympathetic -
- parasympathetic

Front 19

sympathetic nervous system

Back 19

triggers flight-or-fight response

part of the autonomic nervous system

Front 20

parasympathetic

Back 20

undoes sympathetic systems functions

part of the autonomic nervous system

Front 21

central nervous system

Back 21

the spinal cord and the brain

Front 22

corpus callosum

Back 22

the large band of nerve fibers that connects the two halves of the brain

Front 23

cerebral cortex
(cerebrum)

Back 23

the convoluted pinkish-gray outer layer of the brain, where most mental processes take place

Front 24

occipital lobe

Back 24

the brain lobe at the back of the head

concerned entirely with different aspects of vision

Front 25

temporal lobe

Back 25

the brain lobe under the temples, in front of the ears

among its many functions are visual memory and *hearing*

Front 26

parietal lobe

Back 26

the brain lobe across the top part of the brain behind the ears

involved in registering spatial location, attention, and motor control

*registers tactile stimuli*

Front 27

frontal lobes

Back 27

the brain lobe located behind the forehead,

seat of planning, memory search, motor control*, and reasoning

emotional expression*

Front 28

forebrain

Back 28

the cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
90% of brain

Front 29

thalamus

Back 29

attention

Front 30

hypothalamus

Back 30

feeding
fear
fighting
fornication (sex)

Front 31

hippocampus

Back 31

new memory formation

Front 32

amyglada

Back 32

emotional responses

Front 33

medulla

Back 33

the lowest part of the lower brainstem,

plays a central role in automatic control of breathing, swallowing, and blood circulation

Front 34

reticular formation

Back 34

a collection of small structures in the brainstem, organized into two main parts

-ascending - staying awake/alert
- descending - autonomic nervous system reactions

Front 35

cerebellum

Back 35

a large structure at the base of the brain that is concerned in part with physical coordination, estimating time, and paying attention

Front 36

hindbrain

Back 36

the medulla, pons, cerebellum, and parts of the reticular formation

Front 37

midbrain

Back 37

brain stem structures that lie between forebrain and hindbrain, including parts of the reticular formation

*small in humans
controls visual processing of movement
controls echolocation

Front 38

hormones

Back 38

a chemical that is produced by a gland and can act as a neuromodulator

Front 39

neuroendocrine systems

Back 39

the system that makes hormones that affect many bodily functions and that also provides the cns with information

regulated by the central nervous system

Front 40

twin study

Back 40

compares identical and fraternal twins to determine the relative contribution of genes to variability in a trait or characteristic

Front 41

adoption study

Back 41

characteristics of children adopted at birth are compared to those of their adoptive parents or siblings versus their biological parents or siblings

Front 42

afferent

Back 42

sensory neurons

carry information to the brain

Front 43

efferent

Back 43

motor (movement) neurons

carry information away from the brain