Psy 101 Chapter 8

Front 1

Development

Back 1

Systematic changes in behaviors and abilities that occur between the moment of conception and death.

Front 2

Nature

Back 2

The influence of learning, experience, and the environment.

Front 3

Nuture

Back 3

The influence of maturation.

Front 4

Continuous

Back 4

Changes that are gradual, smooth, and stable, with new abilities building upon one another.

Front 5

Discontinuous

Back 5

Changes appear to be sudden and dramatic.

Front 6

Normative (Group) Approach

Back 6

Looks at the commonalities that exist in development across all children and expresses them as averages.

Front 7

Idiographic Approach

Back 7

Examines each child as an individual and does not compare children against each other.

Front 8

Domain

Back 8

One particular area.

Front 9

Multidisciplinary

Back 9

Involving several disciplines.

Front 10

Confounds

Back 10

Variables that are not part of a study but still affects the results.

Front 11

Cross-Sectional Design

Back 11

Studies children who vary in their ages at the same point in time.

Front 12

Cohort

Back 12

A group who are exposed to similar cultural and historical events when they are growing up.

Front 13

Longitudinal Design

Back 13

Studies the same group of children over an extended period of time.

Front 14

Cross-Generational Effect (Age-History Confound)

Back 14

Studies of children who grew up in one time period may not be applicable to children growing up today.

Front 15

Conception

Back 15

Union of a sperm and ovum to produce a viable zygote.

Front 16

Chromosomes

Back 16

Carry the genes and transmit hereditary information.

Front 17

Genes

Back 17

Hereditary units that determine a particular characteristic.

Front 18

Zygote

Back 18

The single cell formed by the conception.

Front 19

Blastocyst

Back 19

Inner layer of the zygote, which will develop into a baby.

Front 20

Trophablast

Back 20

Outer layer of the zygote that will become the tissues that protect the developing baby.

Front 21

Implantation

Back 21

Zygote attaches itself to the wall of the uterine lining.

Front 22

Placenta

Back 22

Semipermeable membrane between the mother and the embryo, through which oxygen and nutrients pass.

Front 23

Teratogens

Back 23

Harmful environmental influences, such as drugs and alcohol, that may affect prenatal development.

Front 24

Point of Viability

Back 24

When the fetus is able to sustain life outside the uterus.

Front 25

Amniocentesus

Back 25

As small amount of amniotic fluid is extracted from the uterus and analyzed to detect genetic abnormalities.

Front 26

Ultrasound

Back 26

Uses sonar reflection to "see" the developing fetus and detect abnormal growth, gross physical defects, the sex, and multiple fetuses.

Front 27

Cervix

Back 27

The muscular opening at the base of the uterus.

Front 28

Reflexes

Back 28

Involuntary actions or responses.

Front 29

Acuity

Back 29

The ability to see small details.

Front 30

Pitch

Back 30

Frequencies in sound.

Front 31

Phonemes

Back 31

Basic units of sound that are used to change meaning in words and sentences.

Front 32

Genetic Epistemology

Back 32

The development of knowledge, or the study of the nature of knowledge, and how it changes as children grow older.

Front 33

Equilibrium

Back 33

Balance.

Front 34

Constructs

Back 34

A child actively participates in acquiring knowledge.

Front 35

Schemas

Back 35

Organized patterns of action that a child uses to make sense of an experience.

Front 36

Assimilation

Back 36

Incorporating a new experience into the existing schema.

Front 37

Accomodation

Back 37

Changing the existing schema to adapt to changes in the environment.