Psy 101 Ch 13 Social Psychology

Front 1

Social psychology

Back 1

Study of the causes and consequences of sociality

Front 2

Aggression

Back 2

Behavior whose purpose is to harm another

Front 3

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Back 3

Principle stating that animals aggress only when their goals are thwarted

Front 4

Negative affect

Back 4

May also cause aggression

Front 5

Predictor of aggression

Back 5

Gender, socialization, testosterone, status or dominance, and high self-esteem are factors of aggression

Front 6

Differences in women aggression

Back 6

More focused on protecting or attaining resources than status,

Less physical

More likely to cause social harm

Ostracizing others

Spreading malicious rumors

Silent treatment

Front 7

Cooperation

Back 7

Behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit

The Prisoner's Dilemma

Front 8

Fairness

Back 8

Innate drive for this

People rather get nothing than get cheated

People will pay to punish someone who treated them unfairly

Ultimatum game

Front 9

Group

Back 9

Collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others

Front 10

Prejudice

Back 10

Positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their group membership

Front 11

Discrimination

Back 11

Positive or negative behavior toward another person based on their group membership

Front 12

The amygdala and social evaluation

Back 12

Within a moment of seeing a photograph of an apparently homeless man, people's brains set off a sequence of reactions characteristic of disgust and avoidance

Front 13

Amygdala and race

Back 13

The amygdala automatically responds to people of a different race

However, this activation is diminished when a person is thought as an individual or is a celeb

Front 14

Deindividuation

Back 14

When immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values

Front 15

Diffusion of responsibility

Back 15

Tendency for individuals to feel diminished responsibility for their actions when they are surrounded by other's who are acting the same way

Front 16

Mob size and level of atrocity

Back 16

Groups are more opportunity for deindividuation and diffusion of responsibility, their atrocities become more horrible as the ratio of mob members to victims becomes larger

Front 17

Inclusion

Back 17

In groups promotes well-being and a feeling of belonging

Front 18

Altruism

Back 18

Behavior that benefits another without benefitting oneself

Front 19

Reciprocal altruism

Back 19

Behavior that benefits with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future

Front 20

Kin selection

Back 20

Process by which evolution selects for individuals who cooperate with their relatives

Front 21

Dopamine and prosocial behavior

Back 21

Processing of self-relevant rewards as well as:

Charitable acts

When altruistic choices prevail over selfish ones

Cooperation

Fairness

Compassion meditation

Front 22

Stereotyping

Back 22

Process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong

Can be inaccurate, self-perpetuating, or automatic (occur unconsciously)

Front 23

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 23

Tendency for people to cause what they expect to see

Front 24

Subtyping

Back 24

Tendency for people who are faced with disconfirming evidence to modify their stereotypes rather than abandon them

Front 25

Stereotype threat

Back 25

A situational predicament in which people are or feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to stereotypes about their social group

Front 26

Social influence

Back 26

Ability to control another person's behavior

Front 27

Conformity

Back 27

Tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it

Asch's conformity study (lines)

Front 28

Obedience

Back 28

Tendency to do what powerful people tell us to do

Milgram's obedience study (shock)

Front 29

Normative pressure

Back 29

the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them

Front 30

Attraction

Back 30

Feeling of preference to another is caused by situational, physical, and psychological factors

Front 31

Proximity

Back 31

closeness, either in terms of physical distance, personal relationship, or length of time

Front 32

Mere exposure effect

Back 32

Tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure

Front 33

Physical attractiveness

Back 33

The major factor in attraction

Prefer mates of similar body shape, symmetry, and age.

Front 34

Passionate love

Back 34

Experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction

Front 35

Companionate love

Back 35

Experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being

Front 36

Passionate and companionate love

Back 36

Companionate and passionate love have different time courses and trajectories. Passionate love begins to cool within just a few months, but companionate love can grow slowly but steadily over years

Front 37

Social exchange

Back 37

Hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits

Front 38

Comparison level

Back 38

Cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relatioship

Front 39

Equity

Back 39

State of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of the two partners are roughly equal

Front 40

Sunken-cost theories

Back 40

Predict that following great investment, individuals will settle for less than optimal cost-benefit ratios

Front 41

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Back 41

Technique that involves a small request followed by a larger request

Front 42

Cognitive dissonance

Back 42

Unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs

Change to alleviate anxiety

Inconsistencies can be justified