Psy 100 Quiz 1

Front 1

Psychology

Back 1

The science of behavior and mental process. Requires a lot of critical thinking.

Front 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Back 2

Established the first scientific lab dedicated to the study of Psychology in 1879 (this marked its transition from a philosophy to a science). Also founded Structuralism.

Front 3

Edward Titchener

Back 3

Assistant of Wundt. Co-founder of Structuralism. Brought psychology to the U.S.

Front 4

Structuralism

Back 4

The school of psychology that attempts to understand the structure of the mind by breaking it down into its component parts. Uses the concept of introspection. Founded by Wundt and Titchener.

Front 5

Introspection

Back 5

Inward focusing on mental experiences, such as sensations or feelings. Ex: giving the subject a piece of fruit and asking them what impressions they may have in terms of its shape, color, texture or smell. This helps break down mental experiences into sensations, perceptions and feelings

Front 6

William James

Back 6

Founded Functionalism. He did not believe that conscious experience could be parceled into discrete elements. Rather, he believed that mental experience is best understood in terms of the functions or purposes it serves.

Front 7

Functionalism

Back 7

The school of psychology that attempts to understand the structure of the mind by breaking it down into its component parts. Founded by William James.

Front 8

John Watson

Back 8

Founder of Behaviorism. He believed that the environment molds the behavior of humans and other animals.

Front 9

Behaviorism

Back 9

The school of psychology that holds that psychology should limit itself of overt, observable behavior.

Front 10

B.F. Skinner

Back 10

Believed that all behavior is based on the concept of rewards and punishments. Applied this to dogs, telling them to sit.

Front 11

Max Wertheimer

Back 11

Founder of Gestalt psychology. Was fasinated by the illusion of movement by objects in the distance.

Front 12

Gestalt Psychology

Back 12

The school of psychology that holds that the brain structures our perceptions of the world in terms of meaningful patterns or wholes.

Front 13

Sigmund Freud

Back 13

Founded Psychodynamic Perspective and Psychoanalysis. Wanted to learn about the unconscious mind.

Front 14

Psychodynamic Perspective

Back 14

The view that behavior is influenced by the struggle between unconscious sexual or aggressive impluses and opposing forces that try to keep this threatening material out of consciousness.

Front 15

Psychoanalysis

Back 15

Freud's method of psychotherapy; it focuses on uncovering and working through unconscious conflicts he believed were at the root of psychological problems.

Front 16

Behavioral Perspective

Back 16

An approach to the study of psychology that focuses in the role of learning in explaining observable behavior.

Front 17

Social-cognitive Theory

Back 17

A contemporary learning-based model that emphasizes the roles of cognitive and environmental factors in determining behavior.

Front 18

Behavior Theory

Back 18

A form of therapy that involves the systematic application of the principles of learning.

Front 19

Humanistic Psychology

Back 19

The school of psychology that believes that free will and conscious choice are essential aspects of the human experience.

Front 20

Physiological Perspective

Back 20

An approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the relationships between biological processes and behavior.

Front 21

Evolutionary Psychology

Back 21

A branch of psychology that focuses on the role of evolutionary processes in shaping behavior.

Front 22

Cognitive Perspective

Back 22

An approach to the study of psychology that focuses on the processes by which we acquire knowledge.

Front 23

Sociocultural Perspective

Back 23

An approach to the study of psychology that emphasizes the role of social and cultural influences on behavior.

Front 24

Basic Research

Back 24

Research focused on acquiring knowledge even if such knowledge has no direct practical application.

Front 25

Applied Research

Back 25

Research that attempts to find solutions on specific problems.

Front 26

What are the general steps of the scientific method?

Back 26

1. Develop a research question
2. Forming a Hypothesis
3. Gathering evidence
4. Drawing conclusions

Front 27

Case Study Method

Back 27

In-depth study of one or more individuals. Info is drawn from interviews, observation or written reports. (Problems) Limitations of memory, Withholding of important info, concerns over making favorable impressions.

Front 28

Survey Method

Back 28

Info gathered through target groups of people through the use of structured interview or questionnaires. Important to keep sampling random. (Problems) Limitations of memory, social desirability bias, volunteer bias.

Front 29

Naturalistic Observation

Back 29

Direct observation of behavior in natural environment. (Problems) May behave differently when aware of being observed, potential observer bias.

Front 30

Correlation Method

Back 30

A research method used to examine relationships between variables, which are expressed in the form of a statistical measure called correlation coefficient.

Front 31

Experimental Method

Back 31

(The Best) A method if scientific investigation involving the manipulation of independent variables and observation or measurement of their effects on dependent variables under controlled conditions.

Front 32

Independent Variable

Back 32

Factors used in an experiment. One for control and one for experimental.

Front 33

Dependent Variable

Back 33

The effects or outcomes of an experiment that are believed to be dependent on the values of the independent variable.

Front 34

Extraneous Variable

Back 34

Any variable other than the IV that could potentially influence the DV

Front 35

Confounding Variables

Back 35

Two variables that are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out specific effects.

Front 36

Problems for the Experimental Process

Back 36

Placebo Effects - The positive outcomes of an experiment resulting from a participant's positive expectations about the treatment rather than from the treatment itself.
Controlling for expectancy effects

Front 37

What puts us at the top of the food chain?

Back 37

Brain, Frontal Lobes. The human brain is a product of generations of adaptive mutations and adaptations. A product of natural selection.

Front 38

Natural Selection

Back 38

The process by which inherited traits that lead to a selective advantage increase the likelihood of reproduction.

Front 39

Cephalisation Index

Back 39

K=E/P

K: Cephalisation Index
E: Brain Weight in grams
P: Body Weight in kilograms

Front 40

Neurons

Back 40

Nerve cells. The basic building block of the nervous system. Transmit info via an electro-chemical process

Front 41

Organization of Nervous System

Back 41

Nervous System
Central Nervous System (Spinal Cord, Brain)
Peripheal Nervous System (Somatic Nervous System, Automatic Nervous System (Sympathetic, Parasympathetic))

Front 42

Dendrite

Back 42

Rootlike structures at the end of the axons that receive neural impulses from neighboring neurons.

Front 43

Soma

Back 43

The cell body of a neuron that contains the nucleus of the cell and carries out the cell's metabolic functions.

Front 44

Axon

Back 44

The tubelike part of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body toward other neurons.

Front 45

Terminal Buttons

Back 45

Swellings at the tips of axons from which neurotransmitters are dispatched into the synapse. Transfers electrical info to chemical info.

Front 46

Sensory Neurons

Back 46

Neurons that transmit info from the sensory organs, muscles and inner organs to the spinal cord and brain.
Also called afferent nerves.