Psu Ba385 Definitions Final

Front 1

Genetic Profiling

Back 1

Discriminating due to genetic characteristics

Front 2

Industrial Policy

Back 2

Every form of state intervention that affects industry as a distinct part of the economy

Front 3

Social Costs

Back 3

Costs borne by society rather than incorporated into the cost of a product

Front 4

Negative Externalities

Back 4

Spillover effects that result from the manufacture of a product (Such as pollution)

Front 5

Social Goals

Back 5

Government setting goals that are in society's best interest

Front 6

Excess Profits Regulation

Back 6

Government stepping in when a business suddenly (and possibly undeservingly) attains a massive spike in value

Front 7

Excessive Competition Regulation

Back 7

Government keeping a balanced market to ensure the drive for lower prices will not put companies out of business

Front 8

Induced Costs

Back 8

Diffused or evasive effects of regulation

Front 9

Political Involvement

Back 9

The participation in the formulation and execution of public policy

Front 10

Lobbying

Back 10

The process of influencing public officials to promote or secure the passage or defeat of legislation

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Umbrella Organizations

Back 11

Business community organizations that represent their business interests (Very broad)

Front 12

Trade Associations

Back 12

Multiple firms lobbying for a given industry or line (More narrow)

Front 13

Grassroots Lobbying

Back 13

The process of mobilizing the individual citizens who might be directly affected by legislative activity

Front 14

Cyberadvocacy

Back 14

Grass roots campaigning using the internet

Front 15

Astroturf/Grasstops Lobbying

Back 15

Lobbying disguised as grass roots, but orchestrated by professional organizations

Front 16

Coalitions

Back 16

When distinct groups or parties realize they have something in common that might warrant their joining forces to affect public policy

Front 17

Political Act ion Committee (PAC)

Back 17

Businesses using financial resources to influence government

Front 18

Soft Money

Back 18

Contributions made to political parties, rather than political candidates

Front 19

Hard Money

Back 19

Contributions made directly to political candidates

Front 20

Bundling

Back 20

Collecting large sums and donating them all together

Front 21

Externalities

Back 21

Side effects of actions not included in the standard cost accounting systems

Front 22

Sustainability

Back 22

Business that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability for future generations to meet their own needs

Front 23

Carbon Neutral

Back 23

Balance between carbon dioxide produced and consumed

Front 24

Wicked Problems

Back 24

Problems with characteristics such as interconnectedness, uncerta inty, complexity, ambiguity, conflict, and social constra ints

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Tragedy of the commons

Back 25

The concept of a common area, being overtaxed by unconstrained users so as to limit or degrade its usefulness for the community

Front 26

NIMBY

Back 26

Not in my back yard, used as a cry for those who refuse to shoulder their share of the social costs of environmental or social solutions

Front 27

Superfund

Back 27

An effort to clean up more than 2000 hazardous waste dumps and spills around the country Montreal Protocol - A worldwide agreement to phase out ozone damaging substances such as CFCs

Front 28

Global Compact

Back 28

An initiative that brings thousands of companies worldwide together for a common change in social or environmental principles

Front 29

Global Reporting Initiative

Back 29

Collaborating center of the UNEP, and provides a way to report economic, environmental, and social performance

Front 30

Triple Bottom Line

Back 30

Economic, social, and environmental responsibility

Front 31

Community Partnership

Back 31

A for profit and nonprofit alliance for a cause

Front 32

Strategic Philanthropy

Back 32

Giving in a way that best supports the firms goals, mission, or objective

Front 33

WARN

Back 33

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act gives employees 60 notice of layoff, as well as retraining and adjustment rights

Front 34

Private Property

Back 34

Individuals and private organizations are free to use their property as they desire.

Front 35

Employee rights

Back 35

Justifiable claims that utility cannot override

Front 36

Statutory Rights

Back 36

Rights provided by the law

Front 37

Collective Bargaining

Back 37

Union related agreements attained through negotiations between an employer and a group of employees

Front 38

Enterprise Rights

Back 38

Employer granted promises with regard for the treatment of an employee

Front 39

Employment-at-will doctrine

Back 39

Anyone can be terminated at any time from their job, and employees can quit at any time from their job.

Front 40

Public Policy Exception

Back 40

Protects employees from being fired for refusal to commit crimes or because they try to take advantage of privileges to which they are entitled to by law

Front 41

Good Cause Norm

Back 41

Belief that employees should be discharged for good reason

Front 42

Implied Contract Exception

Back 42

Statements made to employees through documentation or employer comments can become legally binding

Front 43

Good Faith Principle

Back 43

Employers who did not give employees every reasonable opportunity to improve their performance prior to termination can be legally vulnerable

Front 44

Due Process

Back 44

The right to receive an impartial review of one's complaints and to be dealt with fairly

Front 45

Ombudsman

Back 45

Independent role in a company, and an outlet for employees to report unfair or improper behavior, as well as handle internal issues before they are out of control

Front 46

Whistle Blower

Back 46

A former or current organization member who discloses illegal, immoral, or illegitimate practices to those who can affect the action.

Front 47

Technology

Back 47

Totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort

Front 48

Technological Environment

Back 48

The total set of technology based advancements or progress taking place in society

Front 49

Technological Determinism

Back 49

We should because we can

Front 50

Ethical Lag

Back 50

When ethics fall behind technological advancements

Front 51

Bioethics

Back 51

The study of the ethical issues of biotechnology

Front 52

Outplacement

Back 52

Assistance rendered to laid off employees by their former employer

Front 53

Moral Suasion

Back 53

Government encouraging a particular action from society

Front 54

Biometrics

Back 54

Using body scans to confirm identity

Front 55

Third Sector

Back 55

Non profit

Front 56

Company Lobbying

Back 56

Specific companies protecting their own interests (Narrowest)

Front 57

Watershed

Back 57

An area that drains to a common waterway