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165 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What msmt is used for calculation of the 1st trimester gestational age?
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CRL
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Cephalic Index is the ratioof the occipito-frontal diameter to the:
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biparietal diameter (BPD)
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The amnion and chorion are expected to fuse by ? weeks?
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16
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A _______can be associated with a meninogmyelocele.
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Chiari malformation
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The last menstrual period date if defined as when?
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menstrual bleeding began
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An ectopic pregnancy can occur in what location?
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abdomen--adnexal regions--
fallopian tubes |
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How many abortions has a patient had with a parity cade of P4123?
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2
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The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the?
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portal vein
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Hydatitiform Mole is most commonly associated with?
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theca lutein cyst
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Most cystic hygromas occur in the?
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neck
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Conditions associated with polyhydramnios are?
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omphalocele
spina bifida hydrocephalus hydrops fetalis |
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Ectopic pregnancy may present as?
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fluid in cul-de-sac
fluid in Morrison's pouch an enlarged uterus |
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Hypertelorism means?
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widely spaced orbits
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Flow through the foramen ovale is?
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right to left
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The joining of a sperm & an ovum produces a single cell called a?
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zygote
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The placenta can be defined as early as ? wks on ultrasound.
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8 weeks
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A trophoblastic disease that can spread to the brain or lungs is known as a?
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choriocarcinoma
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When blood flows from the placenta stops after delivery, the umbilical vein becomes the?
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ligamentum teres
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Implantation of the blastocyst begins @ approximately ___days after ferilization?
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7 days
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A cephalic index of 80% is suggestive of?
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normal growth
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Femur length msmt is most accurate from?
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14-20 weeks
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A near-term patient tells the sonographer that she feels faint. The sonographer should do what?
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turn her on her side
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What chamber of the fetal heart contains blood with the most oxygenation?
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right atrium
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The classic symptoms of a placental abruption are?
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2nd trimester pain and bleeding
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The most common location for an ectopic implantation to occur is at the?
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ampulla
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The umbilical arteries originate from the fetal?
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internal iliac arteries
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The inability to visualize the fetal stomach within a 30-45 minute time period should raise suspicion for?
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esophageal atresia
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@ what gestational age should the fetal heart motion be detected on TVS?
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6 weeks
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The normal corpus luteum cyst pf pregnancy usually regresses @?
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12-16 weeks gestation
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The most accurate prediction of gestation age is obtained with msmt taken @ ?
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8-10 weeks
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The first structure to be apparent with the gestation sac is the?
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yolk sac
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The level of serum quantitative hCG required to depict the gestational sac with TVS is?
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1000-1500mIU/ML 3rd IRP
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A small cystic space in the posterior cranium of the embryo @ approx 7-9 wks gestation most likely represents?
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rhombencephalon
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Msmt of nuchal translucency
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may be obtained TAS or TVS--must be measured after precise calculation of gestation age by CRL
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The serum quantitative hCG normally doubles every?
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48 hours
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The serum quantitative hCG is normally first detectable @ __ days post-conception.
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10 days
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A blighted ovum is?
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an anembryonic pregnancy
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A intrauterine gestational sac can be distinquishable from a pseudogestational sac by the pesence of?
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presence of a yolk sac
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@ what average dimension of the gestational sac should an embryo first be seen?
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20-25 mm
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The primary purpose of the placenta is to?
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provide physiologic exchange between mother & fetus
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A condition characterized be the insertion of umbilical cord vessels into the chorio-amniotic membrane @ the periphery of the placenta is known as?
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velamentous insertion
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Associated with single umbilical artery:
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CNS anomalies
omphalocele trisomy 18 |
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Oligohydramnios is associated with:
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fetal demise
post dated bilateral renal agenesis |
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A condition in which the lower edge of the placenta encroaches upon the internal cervical os but does not cover it is called?
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marginal previa
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The primary source of amniotic fluid in the 2nd & 3rd trimesters is?
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fetal urine
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An abnormality of placentation in which the placental villi perforate the myometrium and invade adjacent pelvic structures is called?
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placenta percreta
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A vascular tumor the placenta frequently found near the site of cord insertion is a?
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chorioangioma
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The normal umbilical cord contains ? arteries and ? veins.
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2 arteries & 1 vein
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In obtaining a femur length msmt @ 20 wks, what portion of the fetal femur is imaged?
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the ossified diaphysis
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All of the following anatomic structures should be identified in a transverse section through the fetal head @ the level of BPD except?
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(A)-cisterna magna*****
b-cavum septi pellucidi c-thalamus d-atrium of lateral ventricle |
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The membranous sac that surrounds the embryo & later the fetus is the?
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amniotic membrane
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The maternal portion of the placenta develops from the?
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decidua basalis
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The clinical condition that occurs when a gravid patient remains on her back for an exended period of time & experices faintness, sweating and neause is ?
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supine hypovolemic syndrome
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The most common type of fetal presentation is?
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vertex
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When measuring the occipito-frontal diameter as part of a head circumference msmt calculation, the cranium should be measured ?
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outer scalp edge to outer scalp edge
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The least accurate predictor for fetal gestational age @ any point int he pregnancy is ?
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abdominal circumference
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What are predisposing factors for placenta accrete ?
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grand multiparity
previous placenta previa history of c-section |
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Head circumference is a better predicor of fetal gestational age in a fetus demonstrating?
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dolichocephaly
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A maternal condition characterized by hypertension, rapid weight gain & generalized edema is called ?
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preeclampsia
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A lethal fetal anomaly characterized by direct attachment of the fetak thoraco-abdominal contents to the placenta is known as ?
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body stalk anomaly
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A placenta that has an accessory lobe with a vascular connection to the main placenta is called a ?
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Succenturiate lobe
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The cavum septum pellucidem lies ?
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between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles
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The surface of the fetal portion of the placenta is covered by ?
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amniotic membrane
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The primary clinical purpose of grading a placenta is to ?
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identify premature aging
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During routine obstetric sonography @ 18-20 weeks, maternal pelvic anatomy is examined for ?
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to measure cervical length--to rule out the presence of uterine masses--to identify a placenta previa
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The simplest & most accurate method of determining fetal viability @ 18-20 wks is by ?
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real time imaging
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A progressive increase in AFI volume is noted until approx when in gestation ?
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28 wks
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Hydranencephaly is best described as ?
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Intact cranium, absent cerebellar hemispheres
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The most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in male fetuses is ?
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posterior urethral valves (PUV)
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A congenital germ cell tumor arising from the anterior aspect of the fetal sacrum is called ?
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a sacro-coccygeal teratome
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Herniation of intra-abdominal structures into the base of the umbilical cord is called ?
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omphalocele
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Type I cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lungs is characterized by the presence of ?
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Large cysts visualized
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Bilateral renal agenesis is a lethal congenital anomaly associated with:
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Potter's syndrome
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The most common cause of hydrocephalus is ?
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aquaductal stenosis
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In fetal cardiac hemodynamics, blood entering the heart is shunted away from the pulmonary circulation first by the :
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foramen ovale
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Polycystic kidney disease that is frequently diagnosable with prenatal ultrasoound is usually ?
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autosomal dominate
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Normal AP diameter of the fetal renal pelvis @ 30 wks is ?
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less than or equal to 10 mm
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Holoprosencephaly is best described as ?
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large singe central ventricle, cerebral cortex present
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The "double-bubble" sonographic sign is typically associated with ?
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duodenal atresia
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Routine imaging of the fetal head @ 20 wks reveals the presence of 2 lateral ventricles that appear to be "eccentrically" located. There appears to be normal cerebral anatomy but no cavum septum pellucidum was seen. What is likely diagnosis?
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agenesis of the corpus callosum
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The most common sonographic finding in Trisomy 21 is ?
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nuchal thickening
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In fetal hemodynamics,blood exiting the right ventricle is shunted away from the pulmonary circulation by the ?
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ductus arteriosis
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A "dangling choriod" is a sonographic finding exclusively in ?
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hydranencephaly
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The field of study of congenital anomalies is called ?
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teratology
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The fetal bladder is a dynamic structure & should, during sonographic imaging of a normal fetus, empty approx every ?
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30-45 min
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In a 4-chamber view of the heart, the flap of the foramen ovale is seen to be opening into the ?
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left atrium
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The primary cause of death in a fetus with a diaphragmatic hernia is ?
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pulmonary hypoplasia
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A fetal cardiovascular condition characterized by the aorta arising from the right ventricle & the pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle. What is the diagnosis ?
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hypoplastic left heart syndrome
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Anencephaly is best described as ?
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abscent fetal calvarium & cerebral hemispheres
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The most severe category of holoprosencephaly is ?
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alobar
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The most common type of central nervous systma anaomaly is ?
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anencephaly
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The embryonic period is from ?
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2-8 wks
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The forebrain of the fetus is also referred to as the ?
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prosencephalon
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The corpus luteum secretes progesterone because of the production of the hCG by the ?
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trophoblast
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After the morula enters the uterine cavity it is referred to as the ?
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blastocyst
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The best place to measure the lateral ventericle is ?
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at the edge of the choroid plexus
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The 3rd ventricle is seen inside of which structure ?
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thalamus
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What is the name of the structure contained within the fetal bowel ?
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meconium
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If the foot & lower leg are seen on the same scan plane, what condition might be suspected ?
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club foot
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Aneuploidy occurs as the result of ?
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wrong number of chromosomes
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There is a higher incidence of umbilical cord problems @ delivery when the fetus is in what postion ?
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footling breech
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The grape-like structures noted in the uterus of a patient with a molar pregnancy represent ?
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a swollen chorionic villi
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What type of ovarian mass is associated with a molar pregnancy ?
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theca lutein
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What is associated with a abnormally thick placenta?
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Rh sensitivity---gestational diabetes and congenital neoplasm
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One ultrasonic sign of obstruction of the fetal urethra is ?
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an enlarged fetal bladder seen
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A high percentage of fetuses with spina bifida also have ?
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hydrocephalus
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What ultrasonic feature are specifically suggestive of the presence of a fetal anomaly ?
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polhydramnios
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The formation of the major organ systems of the fetus is completed @ which stage in pregnancy ?
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12-13 wks
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The most common facial abnormality is ?
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cleft lip &/or cleft palate
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A malformation of the lymphatic system may cause a ?
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cystic hygroma
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Herniation of abdominal contents that are contained in a sac of the peritoneum & amnion describes what anomaly?
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omphalocele
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With a gastroschesis, the defect is usually located /
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to the right of the umbilicus
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The most common type of diaphragmatic hernia is ?
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foramen of Bochdalek
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A condition causing hamartomas to form in the lungs is ?
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cystic adenomatoid malformation
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Bilateral renal agenesis is also called ?
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Potter's disease
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The usual cause of death after birth in a case of classic Potter's syndrome is from ?
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pulmonary hypoplasia
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The most common site for obstruction in the fetal urinary tract is ?
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ureteropelvic junction
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The most severe type of obstruction in the urinary tract is ?
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posterior urethral valve obstrution
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What are some of the potential causes of IUGR ?
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placental insufficiency
fetal chromosomal anomaly single umbilical artery |
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When chronic fetal hypoxia occurs, what r some of the side affects?
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decreased fetal urinary output
decreased amniotic fluid vol decreased fetal movement |
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When fetal blood flow is compromised, umbilical vein flow is ?
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decreased
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In pregnant mothers with mild to moderate diabetes, the placenta would be ?
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large
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The most common type of twinning is ?
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dizygotic
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Cord entanglement is most likely to occur in ?
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monoamniotic / monochorionic
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Twin to twin transfusion syndrome occurs only in ?
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monochorionic twins
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In twin to twin tranfusion syndrome, the donor twin or "stuck" twin becomes stuck as a result of ?
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oligohydramnois
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The most common type of conjoined twinning is ?
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thoracopagus
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Discordant growth in twins is indicated by a differendce in their weights of greater than?
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20%
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What must be considered whenever a patient's uterine size is larger than anticipated from menstrual history?
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hydatidiform mole
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The forebrain is also referred to as the ?
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prosencephalon
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Choroid plexus is formed in the ?
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cerebral ventricles
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Choroid plexus fills almost all of which structure at the onset of the 2nd trimester?
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lateral ventricles
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The best place to measure the lateral ventricle is ?
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136
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What is the function of the thalamus ?
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receives all sensory stimuli except for olfactory
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What structure is anterior to the thalamus?
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cavum septi pellucidi
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What is the relationship of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles to the cavum septi pellucidi ?
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anterior to
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When an amniocentesis is performed, the maternal urinary bladder should be ?
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empty
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What structures are often confused within the thalamus ?
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cerebral peduncles
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The most common open neural tube defect is ?
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anencephaly
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The most common site of obstruction of the brain causing hydrocephalus is ?
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aqueduct of Sylvius
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Hydocephalus, lumbosacral meningomyelocele & cerebellar herniation describes which malformation of the fetus?
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Arnold Chiari type II
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The problem of inadequate supply of nutrients or oxygen to the fetus produces?
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IUGR
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The fetal stomach was never visualized during examinatioin, what should be expected?
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esophageal obstruction
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The most common location for a spina bifida to occur is ?
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lymbosacral spine
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When the meninges & spinal cord protrude through a spinal defect, it is referred to as a?
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meningomyelocele
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The most common location for an encephalocele to occur is in the?
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occipital region
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The most common benign form of spina bifida is?
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spina bifida occulta
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The "lemon" sign may be an indication?
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spina bifida
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The largest msmt of the atria of the occipital horn should be?
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10 mm
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<10 mm
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The 3rd ventricle is seen inside of which structure?
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thalamus
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What defect only occurs in male fetuses?
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posterior urethral valve obstruction
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The nuchal fold should not measure any greater than?
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5 mm
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The best view to demonstrate many cardiac structures & anomalies is ?
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4 chamber
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The sonolucent space between the right & left atria is the?
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foramen ovale
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The ductus arteriosus is located between the ?
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pulmonary artery & aorta
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The normal fetal heart rate in the 2nd & 3rd trimesters range from?
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120-140 BPM
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In IUGR, the most severely affected fetal organ is the?
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liver
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Placental grading is a useful tool in establishing fetal pulmonic maturity. What is a high-risk codition that is linked with premature aging of the placenta?
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pre-eclampsia
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The echogenic line between the amniotic cavity & the placenta is called the?
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chorionic plate
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Another name for prune belly syndrome is?
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Eagle-Barrett syndrome
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Approximately 90% of esophageal atresias have coexiting?
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tracheoesophageal fistulas
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The most common type of dwarism is?
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Achondrogenesis
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The most common cardiac abnormality in the fetus is?
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ventricular septal defect
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A tricuspid valve which is abnormally located, creating an enlarged right atrium & small right ventricle describes?
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Ebstein's anomaly
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A ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy & possible pulmonary stenosis describes what anomaly?
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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