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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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reification
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viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing (like IQ)
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intelligence test
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a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
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intelligence
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mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
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general intelligence (g)
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a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
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factor analysis
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a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score
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Thurstone's clusters
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word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory
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savant syndrome
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a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
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Gardner's eight intelligences
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linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (other people), naturalist
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Sternberg's three intelligences
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analytical intelligence (academic problem solving, predicts school grades/vocational success modestly)
creative intelligence (reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas) practical intelligence (everyday tasks, dealing with other people, predicts high salaries/performance) |
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creativity
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the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
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Sternberg's 5 components of creativity
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expertise, imaginative thinking skills, a venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, a creative environment
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emotional intelligence
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the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
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mental age
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a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance; thus, a child who does as well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8
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Stanford-Binet
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the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test (by Terman at Stanford University)
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100; on contemporary tests, average performance for given age is 100
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achievement tests
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a test designed to assess what a person has learned
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aptitude tests
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a test designed to predict a person's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and nonverbal subtests, giving overall g factor as well as separate scores in verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed
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standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
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normal curve
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the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; most scores fall near the average and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
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reliability
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the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting
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validity
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the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
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content validity
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the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest, taps the criterion i.e. road tests and classroom exams
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predictive validity
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the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
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mental retardation
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a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
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down syndrome
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a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
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