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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exercise--addiction |
physical/psychological dependance upon a substance/behavior |
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hallmarks of addiction |
tolerance-- need to increase dosage to maintain results
dependence- need to continue is or unsuccessful efforts to reduce/control use
withdrawal- symptoms occur w/ discontinuation of intake in drug |
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neuroscience of exercise addiction--dopamine & the mesolimbic reward pathway |
addictive behaviors increase dopamine--release in neurons= associated with pleasure and reward
repeated exposure to pleasurable stimuli can increase dopamine release but decrease receptor level= tolerance |
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exercise addiction, endocannabinoids, endoprhins |
endo./endor. drug like chemicals released by brain structures endo./endor. increase dopamine release by decreasing GABA -both increased in acute exercise |
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can exercise be used to treat addiction? |
acute PA decreased cigarette craving/marjuana -exercise training decrease amphetamines (cocaine) -higher participation in sports
*exercise is both acutely/chronically decrease addictive behaviors and is a promising treatment intervention* |
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signs of key exercise addiction? |
Exercise that is freuqent (greater than once per day) and high or increasing the intensity or duration, oftern with insufficient rest or recovery time
Exercise that interferes with social, familal, educational, and vocational acitviites
Exercise that continues despite injuries and other health complications
Exercise that is obsessive or compulsive in nature, i.e. a person feels that they “have tp exercise” and cannpt stop themselves from exercisign
Exercise often provides no joy or enjoyment and non sense of accomplishment when done
All of these are signs of tolerance, dependence, and or withdrawal |
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exercise addiction key point |
difficult to define; challenging to separate "addiction" from "commitment" |
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physical consequence of exercise addiciton |
body image disturbances increased injuries osteoporosis excessive weight loss hormonal disruptions amenorrhea in females heart arrhythmias
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body image |
how we think, feel and act about our own body |
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body reality, body ideal, body image disturbance |
body reality-- our actual physical characteristics height, weight, body fat, bone structure, fitness, disease
body ideal- how we think we our body should look/function
image dissatisfaction- when ppl think/ feel their body is worse than their "ideal body" |
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conditions associated with body image dissatisfaction |
disordered eating/eating disorders body dysmorphic disorder social physique anxiety |
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disordered eating & eating disorders |
disordered eating- spectrum of exaggerated eating patterns involving health risks- binging, fasting, extreme dieting
eating disorders- a group of clinical conditions= abnormal eating habits that involve excessive/insufficient food intake |
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disordered eating, eating disorders & exercise |
cross sectional study- NCAA females low to normal rates of anorexia, bulimia, 13% had eating problems -Norwegian study showed males/females both had high prevalance of eating disorders -eating disorder= exercise addiction -60% eating disorders are in athletes |
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can exercise improve body image? |
yes!! -chronic exercise improves body image -big improvement in adolescence/adults than children -females show bigger improvement vs. male -overweight pp show big improvements
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the other side of distorted image--is "fat" the new "normal"? |
2010 study showed that women who though their weight was "about right" increased from 14-21 and men 41-46%
* people who perceive their weight as normal are less likely to exercise regularly* |
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body dysmorphic disorder |
excessive occupation with imagined defect in physical appearance -wight/thinness/physique
muscle dysmorphia-involving feeling of smallness even in muscular people |
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body/muscle dysmorphic disorder exercise |
exercise-->resistance exercise increase body dys. but also BDD encourage excessive exercise - weight lifters/body builders have high MD -weight lifers with MD exercise 77% more than normal ppl |
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social physique anxiety |
people become anxious when others observe their physiques -women have this more than men
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social physique anxiety & exercise |
women with high SPA= work out privately-stand further away form instructors, etc. -women had similar SPA score to women athletes
*SPA people do not exercise less than regular ppl* |
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active transportation is... |
economically better
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public transit, active transportation are more energy efficient and.... |
better for the environment transit-oriented use less energy= green designs (solar panels, hybrids)
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americans want to invest in... |
active commuting!!!
-study shows 83% of americans felt budget for active transportation should be maintained/increased |
