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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES
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PSYCHOLOGY
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REASONS WHY PSYCH IS A SCIENCE?
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PSYCHOLOGISTS USE SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PROCEDURES TO DEVELOPE KNOWLEDGE TO PREDICT HOW PEOPLE BEHAVE
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IDENTIFY THE TWO PREMISES ON WHICH PSYCHOLOGY A SCIENCE
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EMPIRICISM
THEORY |
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THE IDEA THAT KNOWLEDGE SHOULD BE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS
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EMIPIRICISM
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COLLECTION OF RELATED IDEAS AND OBSERVATIONS THAT DESCRIBE, EXPLAIN, AND PREDICT BEHAVIOR OR MENTAL PROCESSES
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THEORY
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NAME THREE KEY PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE
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OBJECTIVITY
SYSTEMATICITY HEALTHY SKEPTICISM |
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WHAT DO PSYCHOLOGISTS OBSERVE
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HUMAN BEHAVIOR: OVERT ACTIONS,
SOCIAL INTERACTIONS EMOTIONAL REACTIONS PSYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS |
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WHAT DOES EMPIRICAL
OBSERVATION IN PSYCOLOGY LEAD TO? |
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY
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EVAUATE IDEAS BASED ON THEIR MERIT WITH OR WITHOUT BISES
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OBJECTIVITY
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STEP BY STEP PLAN TO COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
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SYSTEMATICITY
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STEP BY STEP PLAN TO COLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA
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SYSTEMATICITY
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CAUTIOUS INTERPRETAION OF CONCLUSIONS
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HEALTHY SKEPTICISM
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CONFIRMATION OF FINDINGS BY REPEATED OBSERVATIONS THAT YIELD SIMILAR CONCLUSIONS
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REPLICABILITY
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EVALUATING RESEARCH AND THEORY ON THEIR MERITS WITHOUT PRECONCEIVED IDEAS OR PERSONAL BIAS TO EFFECT THE EVALUATIONS
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OBJECTIVITY
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NAME THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN PSYCHOLOGY?
(5) |
STATE PROBLEM
DEVELOP HYPOTHEESIS DESIGN STUDY DOLLECT AND ANALYZE DATA DRAW CONCLUSIONS AND REPORT CONCLUSIONS |
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LIST 6 TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES
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Case STUDY
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION LAB OBSERVATION SURVEYS CORRELATIONAL STUDIES EXPERIMENTS |
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EXTENSIVE DATA COLLECTED FOR A PERSON OF INTEREST
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CASE STUDY
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OBSERVE BEHAVIOR IN A NATURAL SETTING
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NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
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OBSERVED BEHAVIOR IN A LAB STUDIES
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LABORATORY OBSERVATION
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GATHER SELF REPORT DATA FROM A SAMPLE OF THE POPULATION AND IN THE ORDER GENERALIZE TO THE POPULATION, THE SAMPLE MUST BE REPRESENTATIVE
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SURVEYS
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DETERIME THE STRENGTH OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES
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CORRELATIONAL STUDIES
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HIGHLY CONTROLLED STUDY IN WHICH THE RESEARCHER MANIPULATES ONE VARABLE AND MEASURE ANOTHER VARIABLE TO DETERMINE CAUSE AND EFFECT
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EXPERIMENT
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procedure allowering indviduals in the population an equal chance of being selective for a study
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random selection
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– the variable manipulated by the researcher (the “cause”)
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independent variable
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the variable later measured by the researcher (the “effect”)
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dependent variable
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the group receiving the independent variable
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experimental group
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the group not receiving the independent variable
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control group
THE PURPOSE OF COMPARISON |
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PROCEDURE ALLOWING INDIVIDUALS IN THE SAME SAMPLE AN EQUAL CHANCE AT BEING ASSIGNED TO THE TWO GROUPS
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RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
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NAME 3 EARLY TRADITIONS IN PSYCH.
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1. STRUCTURALISM
2. FUNCTIONALISM 3. GESTALT PSYCH. |
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FOCUSED ON INVESTIGATING THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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STRUCTURALISM
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1. First scientific study in psychology,
teaching his students to use the Scientific Method when asking psychological questions 2. Formed the firsts formal psychology lab in Germany in 1879 |
WUNDT
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1. The ‘father of structuralism’
2. An Englishman who popularized Wundt’s ideas throughout England & the U.S. 3. used introspection to study consciousness, which was unscientific by today’s |
TITCHENER
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FOCUSED ON HOW THE CONSCIOUS MIND WORKS
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FUNCTIONALISM
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IST AMERICAN TO STUDY THE HUMAN MIND FORMALLY
THIS SCHOOL OF THOUGHT WAS INTERESTED IN DISCOVERING HOW HUMANS ADAPTED TO THEIR ENVIORNMENT |
WILLIAM JAMES
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FOCUSED ON BASIC ELEMENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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STRUCTURALISM
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FATHER OF STRUCTURALISM
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TITCHENER
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GESTALT MEANS
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CONFIGURATION
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THOUGHT ARGUED TO STUDY A PERSON'S TOTAL EXPERIENCE NOT JUST PARTS OF THE MIND OR BEHAVIOR
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GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
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MIND CONSIST OF SEVERAL LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
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FREUD
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WHAT KIND OF SCIENCE IS PSYCH
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A SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
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WALKING, GESTURES, INTERACTIONS, TALKING, AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSES ARE CALLED WHAT
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OVERT BEHAVIORS
THEY CAN BE DIRECTLY OBSERVED |
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HEART RATE, BRAIN PATTENS AND ACTIVITY ARE CALLED
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PHYSICOLOGICAL RESPONSES THAT MEASURED WITH INSTRUMENTS
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FOCUSED ON THE UNCONSCIOUS MIND, WHICH WAS BELIEVED TO STORE OUR IMPULSES, WISHES, AND DESIRES
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PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
FREUD |
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FOCUSED ON EARLY CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
AND CONTROVERSIAL BECAUSE HE EMPHASIS ON SEX AND AGRESSION AS DRIVING FORCES BEHIND BEHAVIORS |
FREUD
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WHO STUDIED BEHAVIORISM
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PAVLOV, SKINNER, AND WATSON
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PRIOR LEARNING EXPERIENCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT DETERMINE FUTURE BEHAVIOR
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BEHAVIORISAM
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BEHAVIOR SHOULD BE THE FOCUS OF STUDY BECAUSE ONLY ACTURAL BEHAVIORS CAN BE DIRECTLY OBSERVED AND MEASURED VS THOUGHTS WHICH CANNT
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BEHAVIORISM
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FOCUSES ON MENTAL PROCESSES BUT ALL BEHAVIORS ARE INFLUENCED BY THOUGHTS
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COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE
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FOCUS ON HUMANS AS BASICALLY GOOD AND DRIVEN TO REACH FULL POTENTIAL
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HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
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BEHAVIOR CONTROLLED BY UNCOUSCIOUS MIND
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PSYCHOANALYTIC
PERSPECTIVE - FREUD |
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PEOPLE SEARCH FOR SELF ACTUALIZATION AFTER THEIR MOST BASIC NEED IS MET
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HUMANISTIC PERSPECTIVE
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NAME TO NEW PERSPECTIVES
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BIOPSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL/CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE |
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BEHAVIORS ARE INFLUENCED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES (BRAIN)
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BIOPSYCHOLOGY PERSPECTIVE
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TOPICS OF STUDY FOR BIOPSYCHOLOGY
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GENETICS, BRAIN CHEM, BRAIN DAMAGE, AND HORMONES
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FOCUSES ON THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN DICERSITY
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SOCIAL/CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
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LIST TWO CURRENT TRENDS IN PSYCH
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POSITIVE PSYCH
EVOLUTIONARY PSYCH |
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BASED ON HUMANISM IT BOASTS A STRONG RESEARCH WITH OPTIMISM ADN HEALTH, AND LONGIVITY, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WISDON
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POSTIVE PSYCH
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WHAT IS THE NEW TREND IN PSYCH?
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MORE WOMEN TODAY AND HAVE 75% OF BACHELOR'S DEGREES AND 72% OF PHD
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FATHER OF AFRICAN AMERICAN PSYCH
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FRANCIS SUMNER
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FIRST BLACK PRES. OF THE APA
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KENNETH CLARK
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1ST LATINA TO EARN A PHD IN PSYCH
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MARTHA BERNAL
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OBTAIN THE MEDICAL DEGREE ALONG WITH ADDITIONAL TRAINING IN THE TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS
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PSYCHIATRISTS
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DOCTORAL DEGREE (PHD OR PSY.D) WITH TOTAL EMPHASIS ON DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MENTAL ILLNESS
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PSYCHOLOGISTS
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