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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Freud,
PSYCHOANALYTIC |
Personality is influenced by an unconscious dynamic struggle among the id, ego, and superego.
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Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Honey, Erickson
PSYCHO-DYNAMIC (neo-Freudians) |
Theorist who believe social factor and development of self are more important influences on personality than sexual motivation
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Cattell, Eysenck, Allport
TRAIT |
Theorists who believe Personality consists of a set of underlying traits that account for the characteristic ways people act in different situations.
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Watson, Skinner
BEHAVIORISM |
Theorists who believePersonality consists of a set of learned behavior acquired through classical and operant conditioning
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Rotter, Bandura, Mischel
SOCIAL-COGNITIVE |
Theorists who believe Personality consists of individuals repertoire of behaviors and ways of thinking about the world
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Rodgers, Maslow
HUMANISTIC |
Theorists who believe Personality consists of subjective experience of being in the world, organized around concept of the self.
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what is stress
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pressure to adjust or cope with environmental demands or challenges
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what are the types of conflicts
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Approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance approach-avoidance multiple approach-avoidance |
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sources of stress
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hassles, life events, frustration, conflict, traumatic stressors, Type A behavior pattern, Acculturation
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Stages of General Adaption Syndrome
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1. alarm stage
2. resistance stage 3. exhaustion stage |
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Corticosteroids
(Cortical Steroids) |
Adrenal hormones that increase the body's resistance to stress by increasing the availability of stored nutrients to meet the increased energy demands of coping with stressful events
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coronary Heart disease
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the most common form of heart disease, more susceptible after age 40, African Americans have a higher rate of getting CHD
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Personality
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an individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
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Psychoanalytic theory
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personality and behavior are shaped by unconscious forces and conflicts
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Concious
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part of the mind corresponding to the state of present awareness (EGO)
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Preconcious
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part of the mind where contents can be brought into awareness (superego)
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Unconcious
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part of the mind that lies outside the range of ordinary awareness
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defense mechanisms
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the reality distorting strategies of the ego, to prevent awareness of anxiety evoking or troubling ideas
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repression
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a mental process by which distressing thoughts, memories, or impulses that may give rise to anxiety are excluded from consciousness and left to operate in the unconscious
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denial
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defense mechanism in which confrontation with a personal problem or with reality is avoided by denying the existence of the problem or reality
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reaction formation
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defense mechanism in which one form of behavior substitutes for or conceals a diametrically opposed repressed impulse in order to protect against it
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rationalization
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defense mechanism involving the use of self justification to explain away unacceptable behavior, impulses, or ideas
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projection
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defense mechanism involving the projection of ones own unacceptable impulses, wishes, or urges onto another PERSON.
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Sublimation
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defense mechanism involving the channeling of unacceptable impulses into socially sanctioned behaviors or interests
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regression
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defense mechanism in which an individual usually under high levels of stress, Reverts to behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development
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displacement
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defense mechanism in which an unacceptable sexual or aggressive impulse is transferred into an OBJECT that is less threatening than the original Object of impulse
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erogenous zones
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parts of the body that are especially sensitive to sexual pleasurable stimulation
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fixations
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personality traits characteristic of a certain stage of psycho sexual development, resulting from either too much or too little gratification at that stage
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Stages of personality developement
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Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital Stages
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Oedipus Complex
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young boy or girl develops incestuous feelings toward the parent of the opposite gender
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elctra complex
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psychodynamic theorists form of Oedipus complex in young girls
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Carl Jung
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theorist Analytical Psychology personal unconsciousness, and collective unconscious,
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Alfred Adler
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Individual Psychology, theorist responsible for creative self, best known for for the concept of Inferiority Complex
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Karen Horney
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voice of feminine psychology, theorist that says childhood anxiety caused by dependent child's sense of helplessness, triggers our desire for Love and Security
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collective unconcious
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part of the mind containing ideas and archetypal images shared among humankind
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Individual pshchology
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Adlers theory of personality which emphasizes the unique potential of each individual
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Traits
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enduring personal characteristics
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Cardinal traits
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Allports term for the more pervasive dimensions that define and individuals behavior
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Gordon Allport
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Hierarchy of traits, claimed that traits could be ranked within a hierarchy
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secondary traits
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term for specific traits that influence behavior in relatively few situations
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Raymond Cattell
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Trait Theorist, 16 PF personality test, believed there are 2 basic levels of traits surface, and source.
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Reciprocal Determinism
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Bandura's Model in which cognition's, behaviors, and environmental factors influence and are influenced by each other
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Hans Eysenck
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A Simpler Trait Model, used 3 major traits Introversion-extroversion, Neuroticism, psychoticism, basic personality types
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Big 5 Factor Model
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O.C.E.A.N Openness,
Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism |
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Julian Rotter
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The Locus of Control general expectancies about whether ones efforts can bring about desired outcomes or reinforcements
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social cognitive theory
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learning based model of personality that emphasizes both cognitive factors and environmental influences in determining behavior
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Albert Bandura
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Reciprocal Determinism, developed a model in which cognitions, behaviors, and environmental factors influence and are influenced by each other, SELF EFFICACY
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Walter Mischel
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situation vs person variables,
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Carl Rodgers
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The Importance of self, believed each of us possesses an inner drive that leads us to strive toward SELF-ACTUALIZATION
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Abraham Maslow
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Humanistic theorist, believed in self actualization but believed that few of us become self actualized
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Minnesota Multiphasic personality inventory MMPI
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uses true/false answers checks for consistency used to diagnose psychological disorders
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projective tests
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vague test materials are used to elicit responses that are believed to uncover a persons unconscious needs, dries, motives.
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Thematic Apperception test TAT
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consists of a set of pictures depicting ambiguous scenes that may be interpreted differently
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Rorschach test
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ink blot test
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Diathesis stress Model
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a psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.
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Phobias
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excessive or inappropriate fear reactions
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Panic disorder
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intense anxiety reactions called panic attacks
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Generalized anxiety disorder GAD
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anxiety not limited to specific objects or situations
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Obssesive compulsive disorder OCD
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bothersome obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals
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PTSD
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maladaptive reactions to traumatic stress
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dissociative identity disorder DID
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multiple personalities in the same individual
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conversion disorder
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type of somatoform disorder characterized by a loss in physical function that cannot be explained by medical causes
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secondary gain
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reward value of having psychological or physical symptom, such as release from ordinary responsibilities
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major depression
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characterized by periods of downcast mood, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in pleasurable activites
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bipolar disorder
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mood swings from extreme elation (mania) to severe depression
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disinhibition effect
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removal of normal restraints or inhibitors that serve to keep impulsive behavior in check
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Schizophrenia
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a severe and psychotic disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior
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Psychotherapy
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a verbal form of therapy derived from psychological frame work that consists of one or more treatment sessions with a therapist
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psychoanalysis
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developed by Freud focuses on uncovering and working through the unconscious conflicts the he believed were the root of psychological problems
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free association
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form of therapy where client is encouraged to say anything that comes to mind
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behavior therapy
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involves the systematic application of the principles of learning to bring about desired changes in emotional states and behavior
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BF Skinner
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Theorist in behaviorism Operant Conditioning, learning based on responses to association and they're consequences
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methods of fear reduction
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gradual exposure, systematic desensitization, modeling
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aversive conditioning
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eliciting a negative response to undesired stimuli
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Albert Ellis
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developed rational emotive behavior therapy REBT, The importance of thinking Rationally (ABC model)
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rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
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form of therapy based on identifying and correcting irrational beliefs
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Cognitive Therapy
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helps clients recognize and correct distorted patterns of thinking associated with negative emotional states
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Aaron Beck
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Theorist developed cognitive therapy, replacing distorted thoughts and beliefs with rational ones
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Fritz Perls
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Theorist, Gesalt Therapy integrating parts of the personality into a cohesive "WHOLE"
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Gesalt Psychology
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holds that the brain structures our perceptions of the world into meaningful patterns
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anti anxiety drugs
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Valium, Librium, Xanax
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Antideppressants
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Tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, SSRI's
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antipsychotics
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used to treat schizophrenia
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Impression formation
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the process to developing an opinion or impression of another person
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social schema
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a mental image or representation that we use to understand our social enviroment
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self fulfilling prophecies
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an expectation that helps us bring about the outcome that is expected
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attraction
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feelings of liking for others, together with having positive thoughts about them and inclinations to act toward them in positive ways
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bystander intervention
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helping a stranger in distress
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prejudice
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preconceived opinion or attitude about an issue person or group
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discrimination
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unfair or biased treatment of people based on their membership in a particular group or category
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racism
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negative bias held toward members of other racial groups
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