Psc124 - Ch6

Front 1

Counterinsurgency (p.196)

Back 1

An effort to combat guerrilla armies, often including programs to "win the hearts and minds" of rural populations so that they stop sheltering guerrillas

Front 2

Land Mines (p.196)

Back 2

Concealed Explosive devices, often left behind by irregular armies, that kill or maim civilians after wars end. Such minds number more than 100 million, primarily in Angola, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Cambodia. A movement to ban land mines is underway, nearly 100 states have agreed to do so.

Front 3

Navies (p.197)

Back 3

Navies control passage through the seas and attack land near coastlines.

Front 4

Power Projection (p.198)

Back 4

The ability to use military force in areas far from a country's region or sphere of influence

Front 5

Air Forces (p.198)

Back 5

Strategic bombing of land or sea targets; close air support (battlefield bombing); interception of other aircraft; reconnaissance; and airlift of supplies, weapons, and troops

Front 6

Logistical Support (p.200)

Back 6

Food, fuel, and ordnance (weapons and ammunition).

Front 7

Electronic Warfare (p.203)

Back 7

Use of the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, radar, infrared, etc.) in war, such as employing electromagnetic signals for one's own benefit while denying their use to an enemy

Front 8

Cyber War (p.203)

Back 8

Disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control, or even hacking into bank accounts electronically

Front 9

Stealth Technology (p.203)

Back 9

The use of special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, missiles, and ships to scatter enemy radar

Front 10

Revolution in Military Affairs (p.203)

Back 10

A period of rapid change in the conduct of war.

Front 11

Armies (p.194)

Back 11

Military forces to take, hold, or defend territory

Front 12

Infantry (p.194)

Back 12

Foot soldiers who use assault rifles and other light weapons (mines, machine guns, etc.).

Front 13

State-Sponsored Terrorism (p.207)

Back 13

The use of terrorist groups by states, usually under control of a state's intelligence agency, to achieve political aims.

Front 14

Terrorism (p.205)

Back 14

Political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately.

Front 15

Purpose of Terrorism (p.205)

Back 15

To demoralize a civilian population in order to use its discontent as leverage on national government or other parties to a conflict.

Front 16

Weapons of Mass Destruction (p.209)

Back 16

Nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, all distinguished from conventional weapons by their enormous potential lethality and their relative lack of discrimination in whom they kill.

Front 17

Manhattan Project (p.209)

Back 17

Fission weapons invented 60 years ago by U.S. scientists in a secret World War II science program. (Nagasaki: uranium bomb and Hiroshima plutonium bomb)

Front 18

Delivery Systems (p.211)

Back 18

Getting nuclear weapons to their targets are the basis of states' nuclear arsenals and strategies.

Front 19

Strategic weapons (p.211)

Back 19

Weapons that can hit an enemy's homeland, usually at a long range distance.

Front 20

Tactical Weapons (p.211)

Back 20

Nuclear weapons designed for battlefield use.

Front 21

Ballistic Missiles (p.211)

Back 21

The major strategic delivery vehicle for nuclear weapons; it carries a warhead along a trajectory (typically rising at least 50 miles high) and lets it drop on the target.

Front 22

Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs) (p.211)

Back 22

The longest-range ballistic missiles, able to travel 5,000 miles.

Front 23

Cruise Missile (p.212)

Back 23

A small winged missile that can navigate across thousands of miles of previously mapped terrain to reach a particular target; it can carry either a nuclear or a conventional warhead.

Front 24

Proliferation (p.216)

Back 24

The spread of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons) into the hands of more actors.

Front 25

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968) (p.217)

Back 25

A treaty that created a framework for controlling the spread of nuclear materials and expertise, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Front 26

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (p.217)

Back 26

A UN agency based in Vienna that is charged with inspecting the nuclear power industry in NPT member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials

Front 27

Big Five Security Council Members

Back 27

China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States

Front 28

Nuclear Strategy (p.219)

Back 28

Decisions about how many nuclear weapons to deploy, what delivery systems to put them on, and what policies to adopt regarding the circumstances in which they would be used.

Front 29

First Strike (p.219)

Back 29

An attack intended to destroy a state's nuclear weapons before they can be used.

Front 30

Second Strike (p.220)

Back 30

Weapons that can take a first strike and still strike back.

Front 31

Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) (p.220)

Back 31

The possession of second-strike nuclear capabilities, which ensures that neither of two adversaries could prevent the other from destroying it in an all-out war.

Front 32

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) (Star Wars) (p.220)

Back 32

A U.S. effort to develop defenses that could shoot down incoming ballistic missiles, spurred by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. Critics called it an expensive failure that will likely be ineffective.

Front 33

Arms Control (p.221)

Back 33

An effort by two or more states to regulate by formal agreement their acquisition of weapons, using the reciprocity principle to solve the collective goods problem of expensive arms races that ultimately benefit neither side.

Front 34

Antiballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) (1972) (p.221)

Back 34

A treaty that prohibited either the United States or the Soviet Union from using a ballistic missile defense as a shield, which would have undermined mutually assured destruction and the basis of deterrence.

Front 35

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties (SALT) (p.221)

Back 35

In the 1970s, put formal ceilings on the growth of both side's strategic weapons (Cold War).

Front 36

Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) (p.221)

Back 36

A treaty that bans all nuclear weapons testing, thereby broadening the ban on atmospheric testing negotiated in 1963.

Front 37

Chain of Command (p.224)

Back 37

A hierarchy of officials (often civilian, as well as military) through which states control military forces.

Front 38

Civil-Military Relations (p.225)

Back 38

The relations between a state's civilian leaders and the military leadership. In most countries, the military takes orders from civilian leaders. In extreme cases, poor civil-military relations can lead to military coups.

Front 39

Coup D'état (p.226)

Back 39

French for "blow against the state"; a term that refers to the seizure of political power by domestic military forces - that is, a change of political power outside the state's constitutional order.

Front 40

Military Governments (p.226)

Back 40

States in which military forces control the government; they are most common in third world countries, where the military may be the only large modern institution.