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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM
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Describes primary indicators of disorders and how many need to be present to be diagnosed.
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Purpose of DSM
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Makes diagnosis more objective over different doctors
Insurance billing |
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Axis I
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Pathologies; short term
-Depression -Schizophrenia (Later onset in life; more treatable, short term) |
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Axis II
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Personality Disorders; long term
-OCD -Narcissistic |
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Axis III
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Physical Conditions
-Injuries -Alzheimer's disease |
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Axis IV
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Environmental stressors
-Divorce -Unemployment |
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Axis V
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Overall Functioning
-A score of how well said subject operates in life |
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Defining Personality Disorders: Unusually extreme personality attribute
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Culture needs to be taken into effect for this
Denial of reality |
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Defining Personality Disorders: Problematic
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Causes issues for person or others
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Defining Personality Disorders: Affects Social Relationships
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Needs to cause issues with people
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Defining Personality Disorders: Stable Over Time
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Difficult to change with therapy
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Defining Personality Disorders: Ego-syntonic: the people who have them do not think anything is wrong
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They dont comprehend that they are at fault
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Personality Disorders versus Coping Mechanisms
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Personality Disorders are forever
Coping Mechanisms manifest under stress -May be adaptive -May be maladaptive |
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Disorders Of Unhappiness and Anxiety
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Dependent Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder OCPD |
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Dependent Personality Disorder
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An extreme relying on others to take care of one's needs and make decisions
-Submissive -Fear disagreeing and thinking on their own -Common among women -Culture context |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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Fear of failure or rejection
-Expect the worst from others -Need constant reassurance of uncritical acceptance -Deep cravings for affection and social acceptance -Similar prevalence in men and women |
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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
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An extreme rigid conscientiousness. Neat Freak
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OCD vs OCPD
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OCD: Obsessions lead to personal distress
OCPD: Rigid approach leads to others distress; not themself (Monica) |
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OCPD characteristics
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Overconcern with rules and details
Perfectionism Workaholism Inflexibility of thinking and behaving Packrat Inability to delegate Miserliness Rigidity and Stubbornness |
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Disorders Relating to Others
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
Histronic Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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An extreme pattern of suspicion, hostility and resentment
-Assumes the worst of everyone -Alert to betrayal signs |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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An extreme pattern of attention-getting behavior and shallow but dramatically expressed emotions
-Center of attention is goal -Express strong opinions without basis -Equally common in men and women |
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AntiSocial Personality Disorder
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An extreme pattern of deceitful, manipulative, and sometimes dangerous behavior
-Risky behaviors: drugs, reckless driving, sex -Needs evidence from adolescence |
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ASPD symptoms
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"I take what I want, when I want"
"The strong take care of themselves" "If I can hurt you, I will" "My only regret was getting caught" |
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ASPD early signs:
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Having a conduct disorder with ADHD
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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An extreme arrogant, exploitative behavior combined with a lack of empathy
-Excessive self love -More extreme than the trait of narcissism -Requirement for excessive admiration |
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NPD characteristics
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Sense of entitlement
Only self matters Huge envious in small gradations Common in males |
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Disorders with thinking and lack of contact with reality
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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An extreme pattern of odd beliefs and behaviors and difficulties relating to others
-Awkward and strange, but not delusional -Common in males |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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An extreme patter of seeming indifference to others and cold, bland style of behavior
-No pleasure from social interaction -Rarely experiences strong feelings -Equally common in men and women |
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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An extreme and sometimes dangerous pattern of emotional instability, emotional emptiness, confused identity, and tendencies toward self harm
-Most severe personality disorder |
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BPD emotions
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Lower threshold for emotional reaction
More extreme emotional reaction Longer-lasting emotions |
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Characteristics of BPD
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Need 5/9
Rapid mood shifts Uncontrollable anger Self-destructive acts - wants death Self damaging behaviors Identity Disturbance Chronic emptiness Fear of Abandonment Confusion and feelings of unreality TREATMENT: dialectical behavioral therapy Equal in men and women |
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Diagnosis and the prototype model
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Implies no clear-cut requirement for diagnosing a personality disorder
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Alternative method of diagnosis
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think of diagnosis as a prototype.
-Real objects may match a prototype more or less well -Assess degree to which a person's symptoms match a disorder prototype -Knows the complexity of diagnosis |
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Bases for diagnosis
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Clinical impressions
Self Report Structured Interviews Informant Reports NEED AS MUCH INFO AS POSSIBLE |
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Cluster A
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Odd or eccentric patterns of thinking
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Cluster B
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Impulsive and erratic patterns of behavior stable over time
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Cluster C
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Anxious and avoidant types
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Biosocial Learning Model
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Peoples focus on themselves of others, are active or passive, and primarily seek reward or avoid pain
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Personality and Disorder
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Pathologizing behaviors: describing them as the result of mental illness
-Do all bad people have personality disorders? |
