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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is procedural self-knowledge?
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All the different rules of thumb people use in thinking about themselves
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What is declarative self-knowledge?
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The content of self-experience, including the characteristics, traits, roles, and so on that we use to describe ourselves; comprises the self-concept.
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What is the self-concept?
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Self-concept = our collection of self-knowledge stored in memory
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what is spreading activation?
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A node in the network becomes activated when a person hears, sees, or thinks about the information the node represents
Activation then spreads from that node to adjacent nodes in the network along the associative links |
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What are self-schemas?
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"Cognitive generalizations about the self, derived from past experiences, that organize and guide the processing of self-related information"
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What is the self-concept clarity scale?
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The Self-Concept Clarity scale (SCC) measures "the extent to which self-beliefs are clearly and confidently defined, internally consistent, and stable."
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What are the effects of self-concept clarity?
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LOW SCORERS tend to have lower self-esteem, ruminate more, and their self-descriptions are less stable over time.
HIGH SCORERS tend to have higher self-esteem, more consistent self-descriptions, and less chronic self-analysis. |
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what are lifetime periods?
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general knowledge of significant others, common locations, actions, activities, plans, and goals, characteristic of a period.
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what are general events?
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encompass both repeated events (e.g., evening hikes to meadows) and single events (e.g., my trip to Paris).
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what is event-specific knowledge?
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the event details that make up a single specific memory
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what is redemption sequence?
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Transformation of personal suffering into positive-affective life scenes that serve to redeem and justify one’s life
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what is a contamination sequence?
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A very good or affectively positive life-narrative scene or chapter is followed by a very bad or negative outcome. The bad ruins the good that preceded it.
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What are some important facts about the self?
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Self is highly organized
We know more about the self than anything else We are motivated to view the self in a particular way (e.g., consistent, positive) |
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What is egocentrism?
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The tendency to perceive, understand and interpret the world in terms of the self.
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what is illusion of transparency?
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A tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which their personal mental state is known by others
Believing that other people can “see right through us.” |
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What is the spotlight effect?
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People tend to believe that the spotlight shines more brightly on them than it really does;
Going out to eat alone Walking into class late An awkward stumble A brilliant comment in class That perfectly executed jump shot |
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what is the false consensus effect?
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When people’s own choices, attitudes, or beliefs bias their estimates of those of other people, leading them to view their own reactions as relatively common.
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What is pluralistic ignorance?
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Failure on the part of most people to realize that others’ share their own private reactions. When everyone privately rejects or doesn’t uphold group norm, yet believes that most other group members accept it.
It develops most commonly under circumstances in which there is widespread misrepresentation of private views. Example: Understanding course material |
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what is magical thinking?
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Belief in the ability to influence events at a distance with no known physical explanation
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What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
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“The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as this is possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions... Even the simulation of an emotion tends to arouse it in our minds.”
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what is the self-serving attribution bias?
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Tendency to attribute own positive behavior to dispositional qualities, but own negative behavior to situational
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