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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Political Party
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-group of office holders, candidates, or activists and voters who identify with a group label
-seek to elect individuals who run under that label -democratic or republican -third or minor parties |
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third or minor parties
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Independence party, green party, conservative party, working families party
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First parties
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anti-federalist and federalists
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1817-1825 Era of good feelings
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-party politics disappeared at the national level
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Electorate
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people who can vote
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1832
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First presidential nominating convention
-Andrew Jackson: first democratic nomine -WIG party was formed to oppose him (Henry Clay was one of the first leaders) -Northern WHIGS were known as Republicans -Abrham lincoln was the first |
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Modern Era
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-party/govt. was interchangeable
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political machines
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party orgs. that recruit members by offering tangible incentives like jobs, money and favors in exchange for votes
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Party Boss
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Head of the political machine
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patronage jobs
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political jobs
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Large decrease in political parties
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1. Govt gradually taken over many functions that were performed by the parties
2. Tv influences 3. Rise of political consultants 4. Issue oriented politics 5. Civil service laws 6. Direct primary |
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3 types of political party members
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1.governmental party( office holders, candidates)
2. Orginizational party ( workers, activists) 3. Party-in-electorate ( vote for the party, allied with the party) |
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Minor parties
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2000: green party- nador (environment)
1992 and 1996:Perot- reform party( budgeting, taxes,debt) 1912: T Roosevelt-bull moose party 1909-1913: Taft-R Wilson-D and T roosevelt |
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Why third parties form
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1. Selectionalism- Dixiecrats-1948
2. Economic protest- populists 1892 3. Specific issues- green party 4. Idealogy- socialists, communists 5. Charadmatic personality- Wallace(American independence party) 6. Failure of two major parties- Perot- reform party |
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Why do minor parties stay minor?
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1. News media ignores them
2. National and state legislature are organized on 2 parties 3. Most states allow automatic placement for democrats and republicans on ballot 4. Public funding is more generous to the democrats and republicans 5. Have a single member plurality electoral system |
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Purpose of elections
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-fill public offices an organize governments
- govt accountable to people |
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Mandate
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Command from people to implement an agenda
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Perspective judgement
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Vote based on premises of campaign
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Retrospective judgement
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Voting because it's the other person
Basically not voting for someone |
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Nomination election
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Election within party
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Primarys
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1. Closed primary- only party members can votes
2. Open primary- allows independents to vote too 3. Blanket primary- vote in either partys primary (office by office basis) 4. Runoff primary- top two candidates have another primary |
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Caucus
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Native American for merton place
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Party conventions
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Formal nominations
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General elections
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-1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday in November
- in november because dust want people traveling on Sunday do they would travel on Monday -Tuesday so it wasn't on all saints day |
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Electoral college
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Need 270 out of 538
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Increased voter participation
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1.initiative- citizens to propose legislation and put it up for a popular vote
2. Referendum- allows legislature to submit laws to public for approval 3. Recall- allows citizens to remove an elected official from office prior to end of term |
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Mid-term elections
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-middle of presidents term
-every two years all of house of reps and 1/3 senate -presidents party looses seas: except in 1934 and 2002 -1994- Clinton's party lost big Republican revolution |
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Nomination campaign
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-aimed at party leaders and activists within the party who choose nominees in primaries or conventions
-need to appeal to activists pushes candidate to an ideological extreme, while party leaders are interested in electability |
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General election campaign
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Ultimate goal for all candidates is to win the general election so he must avoid becoming too extreme during the nomination phase because that may alienate the more moderate voters in the general election
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Personal campaign
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Behind the scenes, every candidate needs an organization that can write press releases, distribute literature, organize events, raise money, and contact voters
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Media campaign
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All campaigns use media whether paid or free, print or electronic
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Paid media
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Campaign pay for ads on television and radio
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Free media
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Campaigns try to garner the attention of the media cover their campaigns and candidate
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Political contributions
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-all political money is regulated by the federal govt under the federal elections campaign act of 1971, 1974, and 1976
-goal of this post watergate legislation was to reduce the impact of money on elections and limit the influence of big donors -in 2002 a new law was passed called the bipartisan campaign finance reform act -individuals, PACs and parties may spend unlimited amounts of money directly advocating the election or defeat of a candidate as long as the expenditures are not coordinated with the campaign |
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Bipartisan campaign finance reform act
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-bans soft money donations to campaign, increases amount of hard money(regulated) individuals may donate to candidates and imposes new restrictions on political advertising close to an election
- under new system, parties cannot accept "soft money" contributions for such things as party-building and get out the vote campaigns -this money must come from individuals or PACs as hard money and be counted in the campaign finance limits |
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Voter canvassing includes
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1. Campaign steps
2. Fundraise 3. Telephone call |
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Manipulate press coverage
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-stage media events
-isolate candidate from the press -positive spin on what candidate does |
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Campaign finance laws
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FECA limit influence over public officials
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Soft money
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Money not covered by the federal elections campaign act
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Political action committee
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Represent certain groups
-corporations, labor unions, and trade |
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Political party contributions
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Candidatrs get their money from their party
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Member to candidate contributions
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Inumbents who have large campaign war chests and secure seats give money to their party's candidates who need financial help
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CandIdates personal contributions
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Supreme court ruled in Buckley v. Valeo (1976) that no limit can be placed on candidates's own spending
- court equated spending ones own money with free speech |
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Public funding
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-only presidential candidates are eligible for public funding
-public funds come from general tax revenues And candidates must qualify to receive them |
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PACs
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Political action committees
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Yellow journalism
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Untrue, oversimplified, sensationalized, stories designed to titillate readers
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Muckrakers
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Original investigative reports who saw it as their job to expose real and apparent misconduct by government and business in order to force the pace of reform
- the junkie by upton Sinclair |
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Print press
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Newspapers, periodicals, magazines, newsletters and journals
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Electronic media
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Television, cable, radio, and the Internet
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Libel
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Written deformation of character
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