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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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antecedent conditions
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a phenomenon whose presence activates or magnifies the action of a causal law or hypothesis
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large-n studies
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quantitative studies with large numbers of cases and statistical techniques
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small-n studies
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more detailed, case study
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method of similarity
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looks at similar cases with similar outcomes to rule out many potential causes?
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method of difference
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looks at similar cases with different outcomes to rule out many potential causes
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IV
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a variable framing the causal phenomenon (in "literacy causes democracy, literacy is IV)
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DV
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a variable framing the caused phenomenon (in "literacy causes democracy, democracy is DV)
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Intervening variable
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caused by IV and cause DV
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economic approach
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political outcomes can be explained by economic factors (Marxism, modernization theory)
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cultural approach
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political outcomes can be explained by ideas and societal values (e.g. Islamic values not compatible w/democracy)
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rational choice theory
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everyone attempts to maximize personal utility
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institutional approach
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political outcomes can be explained by rules and procedures that structure the game of politics
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falsifiability (falsifiable theory)
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data that would falsify the theory can be defined
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parsimony (parsimonious theory)
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uses few variable simply arranged to explain its effects
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traditional legitimacy
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based on how it has always been
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charismatic legitimacy
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legitimate by virtue of idealism
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legal legitimacy
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made legitimate by rising to power within the law
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strength (capacity)
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ability of state to realize its goals
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size
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how much does the state aim to do
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liberal pluralist (classical liberalism) approach
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the state should have little to no role in private life (IV)
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Marxist approach
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class forms basis of interests; state is coercive institution of the dominant class (IV)
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organic-statist approach
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state has a moral end to ensure good (DV)
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system level (T of PC)
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legitimacy of regime, national identity, cultural ties
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Process level (T of PC)
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individual's relationhip with the political process, views of what is expected of each citizen
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parochials
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hardly aware of gov't or politics at all
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subjects
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less knowledgeable, take less pride in gov't
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participants
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knowledgeable about politics, optimistic about system, actively take part
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policy level (T of PC)
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belief on size, role of gov't
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institutionalists believe institutions are a _______________
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IV
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crude institutionalism
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everything can be boiled down to institutional variable
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contextual institutionalism
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institutions are not the only important variable; institutions are intervening variables that mediate btwn cultural, economic factors
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2 dimensions of institutional strength and defs
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stability - endurance over time
enforcement - laws on paper are enforced in practice |
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institutionalization
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a process by which rules become acceptable and widely known in society
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divided government
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in a presidential system, the different branches are controlled by different parties
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parliamentarianism
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a democratic system in which parliament is directly elected and then appoints the executive and cabinet
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cohabitation
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in a mixed or semi-presidential system, the president and prime minister are from different parties
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presidentialism
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a democratic system in which the president is directly elected
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Lintz' arguments against presidentialism
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lame duck
divided government zero sum game |
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arguments against parliamentarianism
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unstable (short-term coalitions)
tyranny of majority gridlock |
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advantages of political parties
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long-term accountability
nationwide perspective passing legislation much easier access for different ethnic, socioeconomic groups |
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district magnitude
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the number of representatives from a district
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plurality
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whoever gets most votes wins
leads to 2 party sys |
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proportional representation
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seats allocated based on proportion of vote received
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mixed representation
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partially PR, partially pluarity
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pure PR
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a nearly unlimited number of parties can be represented in the parliament
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moderate PR
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a minimum threshold is established for election into parliament
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Duverger's Law
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in a plurality system, a two party system will prevail
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